The Overall Classification of this Briefing is: UNCLASSIFIED

1. The Overall Classification of this Briefing is:UNCLASSIFIED Maritime Domain Awareness Asia Pacific Heads of Maritime Safety Agencies9th ForumCommander Jim Robbins, U.S. Coast Guard HeadquartersApril 2006

2. Transnational Challenges MDA Concept International MDA Cooperative Initiatives Challenging Issues Proposed Way Ahead Contents

3. Maritime Domain AwarenessThe Challenge • Terrorists use smuggling routes for: • Attack operations • Logistics • Revenue generation • World Trade • 10,000 cargo destinations • Over 5 billion tons/year trade • $4 Trillion (US) /year • 95% of maritime trade travels through 9 chokepoints All countries must have global maritime awareness to deny Terrorists use of the seas

4. Terrorism Organized crime Piracy Drug smuggling Human smuggling and slavery Illegal weapons movement/proliferation Exclusive Economic Zone (resource) exploitation Illegal fishing Trade disruption Illegal migration Search and Rescue Environmental attack Global Challenges to Maritime Security Nations find their well-being challenged by these common threats to Maritime Security

5. The effective understanding of anything associated with the global Maritime Domain that could impact security, safety, economy, or the environment Security MaritimeDomain Awareness Maritime Safety, Commercial Interests, Environmental Protection Defense MDA Defined Maritime Homeland Security(DHS-led: USCG) Maritime Homeland Defense(DoD-led: USNORTHCOM)

6. Foundation for Global MDA International Agreements Container Security Initiative Proliferation Security Initiative LRIT, ISPS, AIS Carriage Global High Seas Boundary “Seams” Regional Associations MALSINDO North Pacific Forum European Union NATO Regional Security Initiatives Int’l Straits Approaches Regional Waters Archipelagic Waters Boundary “Seams” Maritime Safety & Security Surveillance Reporting Responding Individual Nations Territorial Waters Harbors Boundary “Seams” Ports Exclusive Economic Zone

7. Security & Prosperity Partnership SAFESEANET Equasis Virtual – Regional Maritime Traffic Center North Pacific Coast Guard Forum Malaccan Straits Vessel Reporting Systems Vessel Monitoring Systems International MDA Initiatives

8. March 2005 heads of state for U.S., Canada, and Mexico agreed to create SPP June 2005 work plan published with 10 goals Traveler Security Cargo Security Border Facilitation Aviation Security Maritime Security Law Enforcement Cooperation Intelligence Cooperation Bioprotection Protection, Prevention and Response Science and Technology Security & Prosperity Partnership

9. Deliverable Deliverable Timeline Timeline Forum Forum Lead Lead Supporting Supporting Goal 5: Goal 5: Develop and implement a strategy to enhance North American marit Develop and implement a strategy to enhance North American marit ime transportation and port security ime transportation and port security Objective 5.1: Objective 5.1: Port and Vessel Security: Collaborate in the enhancement of secu Port and Vessel Security: Collaborate in the enhancement of secu rity of our ports and vessels through the conduct of equivalent rity of our ports and vessels through the conduct of equivalent threat, threat, vulnerability and risk assessments, and mutually recognized audi vulnerability and risk assessments, and mutually recognized audi t programs (dual t programs (dual binational bi-national) 5.1.1 Create a North American Maritime Transportation Security 5.1.1 Create a North American Maritime Transportation Security 6 months 6 months North American North American TC TC DND, PSEPC, RCMP, CSIS, DND, PSEPC, RCMP, CSIS, Working Group to lead and coordinate these activities Working Group to lead and coordinate these activities Maritime Maritime DHS DHS CBSA, DFO/CCG, CBSA, DFO/CCG, ) ) (trilatera (trilatera l l Security Security SCT SCT FAC, DOJ, FAC, DOJ, NRCan NRCan Working Working DOT, DOD, DOS DOT, DOD, DOS Group Group SEMAR SEMAR 5.2.3 Develop and implement plans to collaborate on maritime Canada - U.S. TC DND, PSEPC, RCMP, CSIS, domain awareness (MDA) including identifying: Maritime DHS CBSA, DFO/CCG, FAC, - Common understandings of MDA priorities, duplications, 12 months Security WG SEMAR DOJ, NRCan gaps and opportunities for improvements Mexico - U.S. DOT, DOD - Immediate improvements to MDA 12 months Maritime SHCP (AGA), SRE, PGR, - Collaborative MDA strategies and longer term plans 24 months Security SCT (Canada - U.S.) Working - A joint protocol for dealing with foreign vessels plying one 24 months Group country ’ s waters but bound for the other country ’ s port(s ) in instances where such vessels are considered/suspected of being a threat (U.S. - Mexico) - Strategies for long range tracking of vessels and enhanced 33 months coastal tracking of small vessels on international voyages (dual binational ) - Possible options for improved interoperability in maritime 12 months communications of both sea and air units of Mexico ’ s Navy and the U.S. Coast Guard/U.S. Navy (U.S. - Mexico) Security Prosperity PartnershipGoal 5 / Maritime Security

10. European Union’s SAFESEANET Objective:Facilitate Communication among Competent Authorities at local/regional level and central authorities to: • Prevent accidents and pollution • Implement EU safety legislation • Collect & Disseminate Maritime Data • Harmonize the exchange of data

11. SAFESEANET – How it Works

12. Electronic Quality Ship Information System Global Port State Control information MOU originally signed by : European Commission France Singapore Spain United Kingdom US Coast Guard Japan Expanding to include Indian Ocean regional participants Private sector participation is voluntary Equasis Brings together scattered bits of information and provides users with a complete perspective of a ship’s characteristics and management

13. Port State Control Regimes (Paris MOU, Tokyo MOU, USCG) Private inspections IACS Classification Societies International Group of P&I Clubs Other P&I Club(s) Green Award Intertanko Intercargo International Ship Managers' Association (ISMA) International Labour Organization International Transport Workers' Federation Lloyd's Register Fairplay Equasis Providers

14. The Italian Navy’s V-RMTC (Virtual Regional Maritime Traffic Centre) PARTICIPANTS (25 NATIONS) ALBANIA, ALGERIA, BULGARIA, CROATIA, CYPRUS, EGYPT, FRANCE, GERMANY, GREECE, ISRAEL, ITALY, JORDAN, MALTA, MAURITANIA, MOROCCO, PORTUGAL, ROMANIA, RUSSIA, SERBIA and MONTENEGRO, SLOVENIA, SPAIN, TUNISIA, TURKEY, UK, USA • THE ITALIAN ROLE • PARTICIPATION IN UN, NATO AND EU FORA • DEVELOPMENT OF BI-MULTILATERAL TIES • REGIONAL SEAPOWER SYMPOSIUM AS • AN IDEAL FRAMEWORK • INFORMATION EXCHANGE REQUIREMENTS • MOVEMENTS TO/FROM NATIONAL PORTS • daily reports from each NOC to CINCNAV • daily summary from CINCNAV to all NOCs • POSITIONS AT SEA (when available) • LINERS AND MERCHANT VESSELS ONLY (NO FERRIES, FISHING AND SAILING BOATS), GROSS TONNAGE 300 TONS OR ABOVE

15. V-RMTC (Virtual Regional Maritime Traffic Centre) Intel Analysis Data Correlation Private Sector NATO Shipping Centre Northwood, UK Ship Data: Name, Call Sign, IMO Number, Cargo, etc… Voyage Data: Origin, destination, intermediate stop, etc… Volunteer Reporting Military International Operation Active Endeavor NMCIS NATO’s GCCS V-RMTC Rome, IT Track Text Data Fleet Forces Command Message Regional Navy GCCS Coordination/Reporting NATO Units US Units

16. V-RMTC Pilot Project WHAT V-RMTC IS : • A VIRTUAL NETWORK CONNECTING NAVAL OPERATIONAL CENTRES OF THE ADHERING NATIONS • PART OF AN INTEGRATED REGIONAL INTERAGENCY STRATEGY WHAT V-RMTC IS NOT: • A DUPLICATION OF EXISTING ORGANIZATIONS • AN INTELLIGENCE NET • A NATO-RELATED AGENCY (NON RELEASABILITY OF INFORMATION TO NATO AS AN ORGANIZATION, ONLY TO NATO MEMBERS ON AN INDIVIDUAL BASIS)

17. Sample Report

18. North Pacific Coast Guard Forum Maritime Information Exchange using North Pacific Heads of Coast Guard Automated System • Encrypted exchange among participant’s command centers • Validated during August 2005 Exercise • Sighting information, track data, vessel information, imagery, and crew data were passed

19. Sample NPHCGAS Screen

20. Cooperative Maritime Awareness Advance Concept Technology Deployment MALSINDO Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships Malacca Straits

21. Cooperative Maritime Awareness Project • Regional non-Mil • Port Authority • Law Enforcement • Customs • Etc. Current COP Feeds Military/ Interagency Responders Special DOD Sources Regional Mil Sources CENTRIX/APAN • Regional C2 Centre • Regional multi-source • fusion • PACOM • COP Fusion Other COCOMs NMCC Special DOS Sources Special DOC Sources Regional Responders Other

22. Global MDA for Search and Rescue AMVER Vessel Reporting Systems Regional MDA for Search and Rescue • Australia • AUSREP • REEFREP • Chile • CHILREP • China • CHRISREP • India • INDSAR • ISLEREP • Japan • JASREP • New Zealand • Republic of Korea • KOSREP • Russia

23. International exchange of data for fisheries enforcement Vessel Monitoring Systems VMS Implemented Australia Canada EU Japan New Zealand Russia South Africa United States Regional Fisheries Bodies (RFBs) Management Bodies (incorporating VMS) North Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC) Management Bodies North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission (NPAFC) Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) Advisory Bodies South Pacific Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA) VMS Planned Argentina Chile China Panama Peru

24. Challenging Issues International Information Sharing Poses Some Challenging Issues • Policy • Legal • Proprietary • Risk/benefit • Intra-government • Technology • Cost • Means • Bi-lateral Agreements • Multi-lateral • International Conventions

25. APHMSA MDA Way Ahead • Shape vision with fellow members • Identify common mission areas • Pursue bilateral solutions • Follow with multilateral or forum-wide protocols • Start small, build trust, and expand Prototype Information sharing Agreement w/ Chile vessel departure information

26. COMSAR 10 (March 2006) Completed Performance Standards & Functional Requirements for LRIT LRIT Issues for MSC 81 (10-19 May) Port, Coastal, Flag State Distance for Coastal State Tracking Approval of Performance Standards & Functional Requirements Adoption of Amendment Proposed IMO LRIT Amendment

27. Proposed LRIT System Architecture