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Reproduction of Cells

Reproduction of Cells. Asexual Vs Sexual Reproduction. Asexual Reproduction. Single parent passes complete copy of genetic information to its offspring Identical to parent 4 types Binary fission Fragmentation Budding Parthenogenesis. Binary Fission.

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Reproduction of Cells

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  1. Reproduction of Cells Asexual Vs Sexual Reproduction

  2. Asexual Reproduction • Single parent passes complete copy of genetic information to its offspring • Identical to parent • 4 types • Binary fission • Fragmentation • Budding • Parthenogenesis

  3. Binary Fission • DNA duplicates -> Cell grows -> Cell splits

  4. Fragmentation • Body breaks into several pieces and grow new parts or whole organism

  5. Budding • New individuals split off from existing ones

  6. Parthenogensis • Female makes viable egg that grows into an adult without being fertilized by male

  7. Sexual Reproduction • Genetic material given to offspring by two individuals • Offspring are genetically different from parents • Gametes • Reproductive cell (sperm or egg) • Division of germ cell • Haploid cells created through meiosis • Union produces zygote

  8. Meiosis • Cell reduces chromosome number in new cells to half the number of the original cell • Sperm and egg (1n each, haploid) • Combine result in zygote (2n, diploid)

  9. Meiosis • Interphase • Begins with duplicate set of chromosomes like mitosis • Two divisions results in four (1n, haploid) cells • Meiosis I and Meiosis II

  10. Meiosis I • Prophase • Chromosomes condense • Spindle fibers form • Homologous chromosomes line up next to each other (synapsis) • Tetrads align side by side • Twist around each other • Portion breaks off to the adjacent chromatid • Crossing – over results in new mix of genetic information

  11. Meiosis I • Similar to mitosis • Metaphase I • Anaphase I • Independent assortment • Telophase I • Results in two cells with a chromosome from each pair of homologous chromosomes

  12. Meiosis II • Prophase II, no duplication of chromosomes • Metaphase II • Anaphase II • Chromatids separate • Telophase II • Cytokinesis II • 4 new genetically different haploid cells

  13. Genetic Variation • Crossing – over • Independent assortment • Random fertilization

  14. Development of Gametes • Testes in males • Spermatogenesis to create sperm • Ovaries in females • Oogenesis to create ova • 1 egg and 3 polar bodies

  15. Karyote

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