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Evaluation of Selenium in Bison and Their Environment

Evaluation of Selenium in Bison and Their Environment. Stacy Sabin, Kevin Sedivec, Chris Schauer, and Joel Caton North Dakota State University Ruth Short Bull, Lisa Colombe, and Linda Hugelen Fort Berthold Community College, Sinte Gleska University, and Sitting Bull College. Importance of Se.

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Evaluation of Selenium in Bison and Their Environment

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  1. Evaluation of Selenium in Bison and Their Environment Stacy Sabin, Kevin Sedivec, Chris Schauer, and Joel Caton North Dakota State University Ruth Short Bull, Lisa Colombe, and Linda Hugelen Fort Berthold Community College, Sinte Gleska University, and Sitting Bull College

  2. Importance of Se • Human health • Acts as an antioxidant • Cancer, Arthritis, Heart disease • Immune system • Controlling viral emergence and evolution • Optimize cellular and humoral immune processes • Toxicity and Deficiency • Selenosis, Keshan disease, Kaschin-Beck disease

  3. Bison • Spiritual animal associated with Native Americans • Many Tribes in the Northern Great Plains raise Bison

  4. Importance of Bison as a Meat Source and Saleable Product • Bison meat is fed to Citizens on Tribal Lands • Bison meat is sold in Markets • Bison meat is part of the US Gov’t program in the school lunch menu in Tribal schools

  5. Marketing High Selenium Bison • An interest among Tribal Leaders and Local Colleges to Market a High Selenium Bison product as a NICHE market

  6. Se content of parent material Form pH Oxidation-reduction conditions Moisture level Competitive ions Soil texture Organic matter Degree of aeration Supplying Power of Soil

  7. Accumulating Power of Plant • Species • Environmental factors • Growth phase • Physiological condition of plant

  8. Se Levels in ND (ppb) (Unpublished data, Franzen 2004)

  9. Se Levels in ND (ppb) (Unpublished data, Franzen 2004)

  10. Se Potential in SD Marine Shales in SD

  11. Objectives • Determine correlations between Se concentration in soil, vegetation, and bison plasma and hair • Determine Tribal lands with high selenium concentrations

  12. Study Area • Three Locations • Fort Berthold • NWND1 • NWND2 • Standing Rock • SCND • NCSD • Rosebud • SCSD

  13. Study Area • Ecological Sites • Claypan • Loamy (Silty) • Sandy • Shallow • Thin Upland

  14. Vegetation types Wheatgrass-needlegrass Wheatgrass-grama grass Study Area

  15. Materials & Methods • Vegetation • Six sites per location (Block) • Five samples taken per site • Graminoids, forbs, and selenium indicator species • Collected twice; July and Sept/Oct • Not a second collection for SCSD

  16. Materials & Methods • Soils • Six sites per location (Block) • Five samples taken per site • 0 to 15 cm core and 15 to 30 cm core • Collected once in July

  17. Materials & Methods • Blood • 12 mature female bison/herd • Two 10 ml Vaccutainer® EDTA coated tubes • Centrifuged, decanted plasma, stored (-70º C) • NWND1-Sept; NWND2-June/Sept; NCSD & SCND-Oct; SCSD-NA

  18. Materials & Methods • Hair • 12 mature female bison/herd • Clipped hair down right or left side of the rump • Cleaned with acetone and deionized distilled water, then dried • NWND1-Sept; NWND2-June/Sept; NCSD & SCND-Oct; SCSD-NA

  19. Results and Discussion

  20. 0.84a 0.02 0.06ab 0.14b 0.07b Se (total) in Soils • Soils • Range between 0.1 and 2 ppm (Swaine, 1955) • 8 ppm East Williams County, ND (Byers et al., 1948) Se in ppm, ND (Hintze,1999)

  21. Selenium Content (soluble) by Ecological Sitein 2003 0 to 15 cm soil depth (ppb) (NS)

  22. Selenium Content (soluble) by Ecological Site in 200315 to 30 cm soil depth (ppb) (NS)

  23. Soluble Selenium Content (ppb) by Soil Depth (0 to 15 cm) in North and South Dakota in 2003 a b ab a a (P < 0.05)

  24. Soluble Selenium Content (ppb) by Soil Depth (15 to 30 cm) in North and South Dakota in 2003 ab ab a b ab (P < 0.05)

  25. Plant containing 50 to 500 ppm of Se Plant containing > 500 ppm of Se Se in Vegetation (individual plants) U.S. & Canada (Trelease & Beath, 1949)

  26. 0.85a 0.20ab 0.17b 0.40ab 0.48ab Se in Vegetation (Hintze 1999) Se in ppm, ND

  27. (Moxon, 1937) Se in Vegetation Farms with Se Toxicity, SD

  28. Main effects and Interaction of Se in Vegetation in 2003 • Species*Eco Site*Location p=0.0375 • Eco Site*Location p=0.6543 • Species*Location p=0.1623 • Eco Site p=0.3826 • Location p=0.0195 • Plant Types p=0.0050 • Sites (replication) p=0.1208

  29. Selenium concentration (ppm) of Selected Plant Types (DM) in 2003 a b b (P < 0.1)

  30. Selenium concentration (ppm) of Forages (DM) by Study Location in 2003 a b bc bc c (P < 0.1)

  31. Se Concentration (ppm) in Vegetation (DM) in 2004 (Sabin 2004) 0.35 0.23 0.33 0.29 0.48

  32. Se concentration (ppm) in Vegetation (Hintze 1999, Sabin 2004) 0.85 0.35 0.23 0.20 0.40 0.33 0.17 0.48 0.29 0.48

  33. Bison Hair

  34. Selenium (ppm) of Bison Hair (DM) by Location in 2003 a ab b b

  35. Selenium content of Blood and Meat in BISON

  36. Implications • Correlations found between bison plasma & hair, vegetation, and soil could be used to test other areas for high selenium • If any of these areas are found to have high selenium bison, there is the possibility of marketing the product for human health benefits

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