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New developments on air pollution effects to ecosystems: ozone and acidification

New developments on air pollution effects to ecosystems: ozone and acidification. Workshop on review and Assessment of European Air Pollution Policies, Gothenburg, 25-27 October 2004 Jean-Paul Hettelingh CLRTAP-Working Group on Effects ICP M&M Coordination Center for Effects,

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New developments on air pollution effects to ecosystems: ozone and acidification

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  1. New developments on air pollution effects to ecosystems: ozone and acidification Workshop on review and Assessment of European Air Pollution Policies, Gothenburg, 25-27 October 2004 Jean-Paul Hettelingh CLRTAP-Working Group on Effects ICP M&M Coordination Center for Effects, taking note of JEG, ICP-V, ICP-IM, ICP-F, ICP-W, ICP-M.

  2. Ozone

  3. OzoneFindings from long term monitoring • Ozone injury on vegetation is widespread in Europe and ozone reduces the growth of sensitive plant species in particular in central and southern Europe • Leaf injury has been recorded on ozone-sensitive species at 85% of the ICP-V sites, every year and several times per year, and on 20 horti and agricultural commercial crop in the growing season. • Ozone causes forest tree growth reduction

  4. Key indicators for Ozonein RAINS policy support • AOT40 for crops and natural vegetation: Adverse effects when the Ozone concentration Accumulated over a Threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40) exceeds 3 ppm h • AOT40 for forests: Growth reduction when the AOT40 exceeds 5 ppm h or AOT30 exceeds 9 ppm h.

  5. Excess of AOT40 for forests (5 ppm h). 2000 2010 2020 Source: CIAM; EMEP Eulerian model; 1999 & 2003 meteo.

  6. Ozone effect monitoring: New developments • Biology: New stomatal flux-based exposure indices to account for biological processes involving ozone uptake, • Meteorology: Taking account of humidity and other climatic conditions (light, temperature) • Policy relevance: • Assessment of ecosystem area specific risk of ozone damage • Multiple impact assessment including e.g.trade off between air pollution and climate change effects.

  7. Acidification

  8. Average Accumulated Exceedance of critical load of acidity in 2000 EMEP Unified EMEP Lagrangian (shown on 50x50 grid) Exceedance caused by S and N deposition

  9. Acidity Exceedance in 2010:Sulphur still important ! By S deposition alone By S + NOx deposition

  10. Acidity Exceedance:continued …2010 By total N deposition By S + NH3 deposition

  11. Nutrient Nitrogen

  12. Average Accumulated Exceedance of critical load of nutrient N in 2000 EMEP Unified EMEP Lagrangian (shown on 50x50 grid)

  13. % eco-area with CLO-nutrient nitrogen exceeded in 2000 and 2010 2000 2010 Europe EU25 Europe EU25 Lagrangian model 1998 critical loads 26.0 60.7 24.6 54.4 2004 critical loads 24.5 56.0 23.1 49.0 Unified Model & 2004 CLs grid average deposition 29.2 64.9 28.5 59.2 ecosystem specific dep. 35.1 77.7 34.7 73.0

  14. Nutrient nitrogen exceedance:continued …2010 By NH3 deposition By NOx deposition

  15. Exceedance…meaning ?

  16. New development: dynamic modelling Deposition critical load Soil critical limit Biology Critical response

  17. Nitrogen supply Source: Vaclav Smill (1996) Cycles of Life, Scientific American Library, p. 188; Based on J.D Ader (1993) in: Donnell and Picket, Springer Verlag.

  18. Eutrophication and Carbon sequestration: unraveling the dynamics of a trade-off issue… CO2 N dep S dep [O3] + - - Temperature + - - - + - +/- Biomass Soil A new generation of multiple impact monitoring and assessment C/N

  19. Conclusions • Ozone continues to stress ecosystems • New knowledge on Ozone DR-relations • Acidification still puts ecosystems at risk • Ammonia most important, but sulphur not over • Eutrophication an increasing problem • Can we trade off N eutrophication for C sequestration ? • More knowledge required of system dynamics of ecosystem impacts and ozone, acidification, eutrophication and climate change • Long term monitoring indispensable to support a new generation of the multiple effect assessment methodology.

  20. www.rivm.nl/cce j.p.hettelingh@rivm.nl

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