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Complications of Fractures:

Complications of Fractures:. 1-General complications: shock..etc 2-Local complications: Early Late. General complications. Shock; hemorrhagic, neurogenic or septic

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Complications of Fractures:

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  1. Complications of Fractures: 1-General complications: shock..etc 2-Local complications: Early Late

  2. General complications • Shock; hemorrhagic, neurogenic or septic • Crush syndrome: fracture– muscle damage– acid myoglobin release in the circulation– precipitate in renal tubules and vasoconstriction of renal arteries– renal tubular necrosis and failure • DVT, PE and FPE • Fat embolism • Tetanus and gas gangrene • ARDS

  3. Local complications • Early: • Visceral injuries • Vascular injuries • Nerve injuries; neuropraxia, axonotomesis, neurotomesis • Compartment syndrome • Haemarthrosis • infection

  4. Local complications • Late: • Delayed union, • Causes • Inadequate blood supply • Severe soft-tissue damage • Periosteal striping • Movement at fracture site • Imperfect splinting • Infection

  5. Local complications • Non-union, either hypertrophic or atrophic • CAUSES • Excusive soft-tissue loss/damage • Bone loss • Intact fellow bone • Soft-tissue interposition • Poor blood supply • Poor haematoma formation • Infection • Pathological fracture • Poor splintage or fixation • Impatience • Patient- immence, immpatient, impossible, immovable

  6. Local complications • Malunion, either angulation, rotation or shortening • Avascular necrosis– osteoarthritis– pain • Growth disturbance • Bed and cast sores • Myositis ossificans, heterotophic ossification • Rupture of tendons • Nerve compression by callus, or streching by deformity • Muscle contracture • Jiont instability from lig., bone or mm weakness • Joint stiffness, extra-, peri-, or intra-articular cause • Allgodystrophy (complex regional pain syndrome) Sudeck’s atrophy • Osteoarthrosis – joint degeneration

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