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Unit 2

Unit 2. Module 5 Scientific Method. Basic vs Applied Research. Basic Aim to answer scientific questions Expand information Applied Takes research and uses it to influence behavior and solve problems. Theory.

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Unit 2

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  1. Unit 2 Module 5 Scientific Method

  2. Basic vs Applied Research • Basic • Aim to answer scientific questions • Expand information • Applied • Takes research and uses it to influence behavior and solve problems

  3. Theory • A summary of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events • “ah ha”

  4. Hypothesis • Testable prediction • Prove the theory

  5. 3 Ways to Test a Hypothesis • Descriptive – observation and measurement • Case studies • Surveys • Naturalistic observation • Correlation Studies • Variables – make predictions • Experimental • Designed to explain cause and effect

  6. Population vs Sample • Population – all members of a group being studied • Sample – small subset of individuals to represent the population • Random • Stratified

  7. Case Studies • In-depth examination of a single research participant or group • Obtain detailed knowledge – used in rare and unusual cases • Danger - inaccurate

  8. Surveys • Uses questionnaires or interviews to assess the behavior, attitudes, and opinions of a large number of people • Use sample • Danger – social desirability bias (happier and healthier)

  9. Naturalistic Observation • Unobtrusively observe the behavior of subjects as it occurs in a real social setting • Use as descriptive and does not explain behavior

  10. Meta-analysis • A statistical procedure that combines conclusions of a large number of different studies • Bottom-line results of a lot of studies

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