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The Gilded Age 1877-1900

The Gilded Age 1877-1900. Gilded: thin layer of glitter over cheap base; term “Gilded Age” Named by Mark Twain Corruption and greed People control gov’t for personal gain Big business and government “cooperate”. Republican Power. Control the gov’t 1861-1885

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The Gilded Age 1877-1900

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  1. The Gilded Age1877-1900 • Gilded: thin layer of glitter over cheap base; term “Gilded Age” • Named by Mark Twain • Corruption and greed • People control gov’t for personal gain • Big business and government “cooperate”

  2. Republican Power • Control the gov’t 1861-1885 • Support Big Business, high tariffs and the gold standard • WHY?

  3. Political Machines • Hold political power through favors, money and violence • Power more important than the plight of people

  4. immigrants>>jobs=votes Big Business=money Votes/money=political power

  5. Most important immigrant group in an election Why? Population

  6. E. Power of Population Most important state to win in an election? WHY?

  7. Money Talks, B.S. Walks • Determined to see McKinley elected, Hanna began asking big corporations for campaign donations. He assured the industrial leaders that McKinley’s political positions would benefit them and keep their companies, and the country running smoothly. Hanna was able to raise $3.5 million dollars for McKinley’s campaign, an unheard of amount and the most money ever spent on a political campaign at that time.

  8. William McKinley 25th President Big Business reigns

  9. Robber Barons • Stealing from the public • Work for their own benefit • Depleted natural resources • Paid low wages • Maintained dangerous conditions in factories • Corrupted public officials • Drove competitors out of business

  10. Captains of Industry • Work to help people • Benefit society • Created jobs • Founded public institutions(museums, libraries, etc.) • Philanthropy

  11. Andrew Carnegie • Carnegie Steel • Revolutionized the steel industry • Vertical consolidation • Own all aspects of production Social Darwinism • Survival of the fittest • The rich will rise to the top, the poor will sink to the bottom • Gospel of Wealth • Make as much money as you can, then give it away.

  12. Philanthropy • Act of donating money, goods, time, or effort to support a charitable cause and the betterment of mankind. • The Carnegie Corp. of N.Y. • The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace • The Carnegie Inst. of Washington • The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching

  13. John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil Company Creates a monopoly -only supplier available -eliminate fair and open competition Invents the concept of Trust -smaller companies come together to make large company(still a monopoly) -several people managing a larger company

  14. Monopolies and Trusts Put smaller companies out of business Threatened open and fair competition Eliminate competition Low wages and poor working conditions

  15. Labor Unions and the Great Strikes Labor Unions Demands: -8 hour work day -better pay -safer conditions Why not demand an end to child labor?

  16. American Federation of Labor Sam Gompers Only skilled workers Tactics -boycott -strike(violence) -workers deal with owners as a group

  17. Unions: -must use numbers for political influence Big Business: -use the courts to fight labor unions

  18. Socialism Eugene V. Debs -public, not private control of business -equal distribution of wealth

  19. The Rise of Jim Crow Plessy VS Ferguson(1896) -”separate, but equal is legal” -legal separation of races in public places Jim Crow Laws: -separate the races -treat blacks as second class citizens

  20. Lynching was a common punishment

  21. Champions of Equal Rights Booker T. washington William Edward Burghardt DUBOIS

  22. Washington VS DuBois Booker T. Washington -accommodation and acceptance -play the part and improve yourself with education -wait for society to change W. E. B. DuBois -protest your treatment -effect change now through protest

  23. McKinley Presidency Imperialism control of a weaker country U.S. Imperialism -based on trade(at first) Open Door Policy -all countries should have equal trading rights with China -who isn’t at this meeting? -China

  24. Jingoism Intense national pride and aggressive foreign policy -U.S. doesn’t listen to anyone else -all countries should listen to U.S. -Manifest Destiny

  25. Spanish American War April 1898- December 1898 U.S. begins to dominate other countries -based on U.S. wants

  26. Secret Service Anyone? McKinley wins re-election in 1900 Sept. 6, 1901 -Leon Czolgosz assassinates McKinley -Secret Service to officially protect Presidents(still not primary duty)

  27. Theodore Roosevelt 26th President Continues Imperialism Intervenes in Russo-Japanese War Panama Canal -creates a rebellion in South America -connects Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Progressive Movement -reform society

  28. Muckrakers First investigative reporters -Jacob Riis -NYC tenements -“How the Other Half Lives”

  29. Big Stick Diplomacy • “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.” -Declares the U.S. protectors of Central and South America

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