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19 th Century. Russian Nationalism. Westernization. Peter I's brought westernization to Russia. Russian national costume, hairstyle, discouraged. Fine for wearing a beard. The nobility preferred to speak French rather than Russian even in private. 19 th Century.
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19th Century Russian Nationalism
Westernization Peter I's brought westernization to Russia. Russian national costume, hairstyle, discouraged. Fine for wearing a beard. The nobility preferred to speak French rather than Russian even in private.
19th Century Saw a revival in Russian nationalism. A motto, stating "Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality," adopted by Emperor Nicholas I as official doctrine.
Russian Nationalisim Three components of Uvarov's triad were: Orthodoxy - Orthodox Christianity and protection of Russian Orthodox Church. Autocracy - unconditional loyalty to House of Romanov in return for paternalist protection for all social estates. Nationality - recognition of the state-founding role of the Russian nationality.
Slavophilia Slavophiles were determined to protect unique Russian traditions and culture. They opposed influences of Western Europe on Russia.
Art Closely related to revival in Russian art, Works concerning Russian history, mythology and fairy tales. Romantic nationalism inspired paintings, Vasnetsov Bapt Vladimir fresco in Kiev by Victor Vasnetsov
Poetry Russian poet Tyutchev: Moscow and Peter's grad, the city of Constantine, these are the capitals of Russian kingdom. But where is their limit? And where are their frontiers to the north, the east, the south and the setting sun? The Fate will reveal this to future generations. Seven inland seas and seven great rivers from the Nile to the Neva, from the Elbe to China, from the Volga to the Euphrates, from Ganges to the Danube. That's the Russian Kingdom, and let it be forever, just as the Spirit foretold and Daniel prophesied.
Pan-Slavism Pan-Slavism, an idea of unity and friendship of all Slavic and Orthodox Christian nations, gained popularity in the mid to late 19th century. Pan-Slavism was fueled and, in turn, was the fuel, in Russia's numerous wars against Ottoman Empire with the goal to liberate Orthodox nations, such as Bulgars, Serbs, and Greeks, from Muslim rule.
Pan-Slavism cont The final goal was Constantinople, (Istanbul) the Russian Empire still considered itself the "Third Rome" and saw its duty in freeing the "Second Rome." Pan-Slavism had a key role in Russia's entry into World War I as well, since it is the 1914 invasion of Serbia by Austria-Hungary that triggered Russia's response.
Decline of Nationalism As the 20th century was approaching, Russia was attempting to catch up to the Industrial Revolution. The already vast gap of wealth between the rich elite and the mass poor had grown even more. This caused patriotic enthusiasm to decline. Never forget enlightenment.
The Evils of Nationalism Two results of Russian nationalism arose: chauvinism and antisemitism. They were inspired by marginal groups like “The Black Hundred” and “Union of the Russian People”. Their motto was 'Russia for Russians'. Those parties remained monarchist and anti-Semitic; they were organized by wealthy and powerful aristocrats and enjoyed oversight by the Imperial authorities.
Revolution With World War I, the Empire attempted to revive the national spirit. As the war effort failed so did the popularity of Nicholas II. He was overthrown by the Russian Revolution. In the subsequent civil war, the loosely allied monarchist and anti-communist White Army continued to carry the banner of Russian nationalism until they were eliminated by the communist revolutionaries. (Red Army)
