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Semantic Web

Semantic Web. Social Semantic Web. Where are we?. Agenda. Motivation From Web to Web 2.0: Technical solution and illustrations Social Semantic Web : Technical solution and illustrations Summary References. MOTIVATION. Motivation. 5. Motivation (cont‘d). Information Sharing:

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Semantic Web

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  1. Semantic Web Social Semantic Web

  2. Where are we?

  3. Agenda • Motivation • From Web to Web 2.0: Technical solution and illustrations • Social Semantic Web : Technical solution and illustrations • Summary • References

  4. MOTIVATION

  5. Motivation 5

  6. Motivation (cont‘d) • Information Sharing: • Image sharing: Flickr • Video sharing: YouTube • Online encyclopedia: Wikipedia • Blogs: eblogger • Open Source Community: Linux • File Management • Tagging: Delicious • Social Websites and Communication: • Facebook • LastFM • Skype • StudiVZ • LinkedIn, Xing • Open Systems: APIs, partly open source allow extensions by users

  7. Motivation (cont‘d) Internet platform for creation of social networks • More than 400 million active users • 50% of our active users log on to Facebook in any given day • More than 35 million users update their status each day • More than 60 million status updates posted each day • More than 3 billion photos uploaded to the site each month • More than 5 billion pieces of content (web links, news stories, blog posts, notes, photo albums, etc.) shared each week • More than 3.5 million events created each month • More than 3 million active Pages on Facebook • More than 1.5 million local businesses have active Pages on Facebook http://www.facebook.com/press/info.php?statistics, 17.2.2010

  8. Motivation (cont‘d) Wikipedia Free Online Encyclopedia • 3,197,507 Articles (english Wikipedia)‏ • 11,693,499 registered contributors • Clever mechanisms combined with human intelligence • High quality articles • Self-organized control • Semi-openess http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Statistics, 17.2.2010

  9. FROM WEB TO WEB 2.0: TECHNICAL SOLUTION AND ILLUSTRATIONS

  10. Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 • Evolution • Definition • Applications and success stories • Statistics to Web 2.0

  11. Web 2.0 “Web 2.0 is a notion for a row of interactive and collaborative systems of the internet“ http://widgets-gadgets.com/2006_10_01_archive.html

  12. What is the web 2.0? „Definition“ by O‘Reilly Web 1.0 Web 2.0 improvement DoubleClick Google AdSense personalized Ofoto Flickr tagging, community Britannica Online Wikipedia community, free content Webseiten blogging dialogue publishing participation CMS wikis flexibility, freedom directories tagging community taxonomy folksonomy Consumers  Prosumers

  13. What is the Web 2.0? - Examples • Gmail • Google Documents (Collaborative Notepad in the Web) • Wikis • Wikipedia • Worlds biggest encyclopedia, Top 30 web site, 100 langueges • Del.icio.us (Social Tagging for Bookmarks) • Flickr (Photo Sharing and Tagging) • Blogs, RSS, Blogger.com • Programmableweb.com (APIs)

  14. Blogs • Easy usable user interfaces to update contents • Easy organization of contents • Easy usage of contents • Easy publishing of comments • Social: collaborative (single users but strongly connected)‏ 14

  15. Wikis • Wiki  invented by Ward Cunningham • Collection of HTML sites: read and edit • Most famous and biggest Wiki: Wikipedia (MediaWiki) • But: Also often used in Intranets (i. e. our group) • Problems solved socially instead of technically • Flexible structure • Background algorithms + human intelligence • No new technologies • social: collaborative (nobody owns contents)‏

  16. Wikis: Design Principles • Open Should a page be found to be incomplete or poorly organized, any reader can edit it as they see fit. • Incremental Pages can cite other pages, including pages that have not been written yet. • Organic The structure and text content of the site are open to editing and evolution. • Mundane A small number of (irregular) text conventions will provide access to the most useful page markup. • Universal The mechanisms of editing and organizing are the same as those of writing so that any writer is automatically an editor and organizer. • Overt The formatted (and printed) output will suggest the input required to reproduce it. Source: http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiDesignPrinciples

  17. Tagging • Idea: Enrich contents by user chosen keywords • Replace folder based structure by a organisation using tags • New: Simple user interfaces for tagging and tag based search • First steps to Semantic Web? • Technically: user interfaces • Social: collaborative (own contents, shared tags)

  18. Tagging: Flickr.com

  19. Collaborative Tagging

  20. Collaborative Tagging: Delicious • Browser plug-ins available from http://del.icio.us • Allows the tagging of bookmarks • Community aspect: • Suggestion of tags that were used by other users • Availability of tag clouds for bookmarks of the whole community • Possibility to browse related bookmarks based on tags

  21. User Tag Resource Tag Resource User Tag Resource Tag Resource User Tag Resource Folksonomies Data created by tagging, knowledge structures Mary tags www.wikipedia.org with wiki wikipedia encyclopedia Bob tags www.wikipedia.org with wiki web2.0 encyclopedia knowledge

  22. Folksonomies: Taxonomie Marlow et al. (2006) • Rights for Tagging • Self-tagging: Contents only tagged by owner (Technorati) • Free-for-all tagging: Tagging by all users (Yahoo!) • Support of Tagging • Blind Tagging: Existing Tags are not displayed (Flickr) • Viewable Tagging: Existing Tags are displayed (Del.icio.us) • Suggestive Tagging: Suggestions for Tags (MyWeb 2.0) • Aggregation of Tags • Bag-model: Multiple entries (Del.icio.us) • Set-model: Only single entries (YouTube)

  23. Tag Clouds Size of Tags: count of usage Browsing replaces Searching Different meaning for different users Orientation in Information Set

  24. What is the Web 2.0? Trends for Web Applications • Technical Evolution • Web User Interfaces become faster (AJAX) • Desktop shifts to Web (GMail, Google Notebooks, AJAX) • Social Evolution • Collective creates additional value (Wiki, Tagging) • Free contents become popular (Licenses) • Attention is getting monetarized (Text-Ads) • Websites with additional value by recombination (Mash-Ups, RSS)

  25. Web 2.0 People, Services, Technologies

  26. Web 2.0 • Web 2.0 is a vaguely defined phrase referring to various topics such as social networking sites, wikis, communication tools, and folksonomies. • Tim O'Reilly provided a definition of Web 2.0 in 2006: "Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the computer industry caused by the move to the internet as platform, and an attempt to understand the rules for success on that new platform. Chief among those rules is this: Build applications that harness network effects to get better the more people use them." • Tim BL is right that all these ideas are already underlying his original web ideas, however, …

  27. Web 2.0 The four major breakthroughs of Web 2.0 are: • Blurring the distinction between content consumers and content providers. • Moving from media for individuals towards media for communities. • Blurring the distinction between service consumers and service providers. • Integrating human and machine computing in a new way.

  28. Blurring the distinction between content consumers and providers Interactive Web applications through asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX)

  29. Blurring the distinction between content consumers and providers Interactive Web applications through asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX)

  30. Blurring the distinction between content consumers and providers: Weblogs or Blogs, Wikis

  31. Blurring the distinction between content consumers and providers: Flickr, YouTube

  32. Blurring the distinction between content consumers and providers Tagging – del.icio.us, shazam.com

  33. Blurring the distinction between content consumers and providers RDFA, micro formats

  34. Moving from a media for individuals towards a media for communities Folksomonies, FOAF

  35. Moving from a media for individuals towards a media for communities Community pages (friend-of-a-friend, flickr, LinkedIn, myspace, …)

  36. Moving from a media for individuals towards a media for communities Second Life

  37. Moving from a media for individuals towards a media for communities Wikipedia

  38. Moving from a media for individuals towards a media for communities Wikipedia

  39. Blurring the distinction between service consumers and service providers RSS feeds

  40. Blurring the distinction between service consumers and service providers Yahoo pipes allow people to connect internet data sources, process them, and redirect the output.

  41. Blurring the distinction between service consumers and service providers Widgets, gadgets, and mashups.

  42. Integrating human and machine computing in a new way Amazon Mechanical turk

  43. Integrating human and machine computing in a new way Human computing (captchas)

  44. SOCIAL SEMANTIC WEB:TECHNICAL SOLUTION AND ILLUSTRATIONS

  45. Web 2.0 Web 3.0 Tagging • Annotation with Tags • Singular/Plural Problem • Synonyms • No Intelligence • Annotation with concepts • Inference (Tag „Dog“ --> Tag „Pet“) Recombination of data from different sources • Mash-Ups developed earlier by programmer • Spontaneous by End User Search • Keyword Search or Tag Search finds documents • Structured Search combines Data und creates documents Period • 2004 - 2007 • 2007 – 2010 Semantic Web + Web 2.0 = Web 3.0? Based on Völkl, Vrandecic and colleagues. 45

  46. Web 3.0 Approaches • Automatic Extraction of knowledge based on large (and free) sets of data, generated by Web 2.0 • Integration and Reuse of knowledge (Yahoo Pipes) • Motivate users for generating semantic contents by using Web 2.0 paradigms • Creation of Semantic as side effect of working processes (semantic wikis)

  47. Gartner Hype Curve Gartner, July 2007

  48. Web 2.0 and the Semantic Web • Web 2.0 and Semantic Web are complementary approaches • Semantic Blogging • Semantic Wikis • Semantic MediaWiki • Web 2.0 ontology building • myOntology • Games for semantic content creation • OntoGame

  49. Semantic Blogging • Creating blog entries in a structured fashion • Based on ontologies • This allows: • Acquiring complementary information from the Web • Finding blog entries better

  50. Semantic Wikis • A semantic wiki is a wiki that has an underlying model of the knowledge described in its pages. • Regular, or syntactic, wikis have structured text and untyped hyperlinks. • Semantic wikis, on the other hand, allow the ability to capture or identify information about the data within pages, and the relationships between pages, in ways that can be queried or exported like database data. • Wikis: • Platypus wiki • IkeWiki • Kiwi • WikiFactory • Semantic MediaWiki

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