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Modern Philosophy

Modern Philosophy. Part two. Baruch Spinoza. Background Early years The road to excommunication Lenses & philosophy Works. Spinoza: Goals & Methods. Goal: Freedom Ethics Method Ethics Foundation Assumptions. Spinoza: Epistemology. Truth Necessity Appearance of contingency Ideas

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Modern Philosophy

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  1. Modern Philosophy Part two

  2. Baruch Spinoza • Background • Early years • The road to excommunication • Lenses & philosophy • Works

  3. Spinoza: Goals & Methods • Goal: Freedom • Ethics • Method • Ethics • Foundation • Assumptions

  4. Spinoza: Epistemology • Truth • Necessity • Appearance of contingency • Ideas • Opinion/Imagination • Reason • Intuition

  5. Spinoza: Metaphysics • Substance • Defining substance • Infinity • Defining God • Ontological Argument for God’s existence • God • Argument for one substance • Pantheism • Is God a Person

  6. Spinoza: Metaphysics • Atheist or Mystic • Labels • False Dilemma • Freedom & necessity • Apparent contradiction • Creation & Necessity • Two types of events • Free Will

  7. Spinoza: Metaphysics • Mind-Body problem • God’s attributes • Mind-Body

  8. Spinoza: Ethics • Freedom • Overview • Method • Self Preservation • Self-awareness • The Mind • Comprehensive understanding

  9. Spinoza: Ethics • Good & Evil • Good & Evil • Self-preservation • Love & Immortality • Intellectual love of God • Immortality

  10. Spinoza: Criticism/Impact • Conclusion • The Wise man • Criticism • Desirable • Coherent • Impact • Impact • 18th Century • 19th Century • 20th Century

  11. Leibniz: Background • German Culture • Stagnant • Background for Leibniz • Early years • Professional career • Diplomacy • Works

  12. Leibniz: Goal & Method • Goal • Unified • Logical Method • Logic • Method • Application of the method • Assumptions

  13. Leibniz: Epistemology • Innate Ideas • Against Locke • The Mind • Against the empiricists

  14. Leibniz: EpistemologyNecessity & Contingency • Truths of Reason & Truths of Fact • Truths of reason • Truths of fact • Necessary & contingent truths • Deduction

  15. Leibniz: MetaphysicsGod • God • Proofs for God’s existence • Proof of God’s existence by possibility & necessity • God • Perfection • Existence • Cosmological Argument • Two principles • Two kinds of truth • Sufficient Reason • God

  16. Leibniz: MetaphysicsProblem of Evil • Best of All Possible Worlds • The best world • God’s choice • Diversity • No Better Possible World • Intellectualist view • The Problem & Reply • The Best • Denial of pantheism

  17. Leibniz: MetaphysicsProblem of Evil • Evil as Privation • The question • Origin of evil-the ancients • Origin of evil-intellectualist view • Understanding & necessity • Analogy of the Boats • Boats • The Analogy • Defects

  18. Leibniz: MetaphysicsMetaphysical Points • Problems & Solutions • Introduction • Problems with Cartesian matter • Problems with Spinoza • Rejection of materialism • Phenomenology • Metaphysical Points

  19. Leibniz: MetaphysicsMonads • Nature of Monads • Introduction • Minds • Perception • Continuity • The identity of indiscernibles

  20. Leibniz: MetaphysicsMonads • Windowless Monads • Windowless • Pre-Established harmony • Inner World • One World • Space & Time • Extended Things • Space & Time

  21. Leibniz: MetaphysicsMonads • Mind-Body Problem • Bodies • Interaction • Teleology & Mechanism • Reconciliation • Two Realms • Freedom & Determinism • Freedom • Compatibilism

  22. Leibniz: MetaphysicsMonads • The City of God • Souls • Why did God create the world? • Harmony, reward & punishment • Machinery of Justice

  23. Leibniz: MetaphysicsProblems & Impact • Problems • The best of all possible worlds • Freedom • Collapse to Spinoza • Impact • Dominant • Lost potential • Universal, logically perfect language

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