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Methodological Innovations & Key Findings

Methodological Innovations & Key Findings. From the Women and Employment Survey. Jean Martin Department of Sociology UNIVERSITY of OXFORD. Innovations. Work and life histories Classification of women’s occupations Measure of occupational segregation at the workplace

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Methodological Innovations & Key Findings

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  1. Methodological Innovations &Key Findings From the Women and Employment Survey Jean Martin Department of Sociology UNIVERSITY of OXFORD

  2. Innovations • Work and life histories • Classification of women’s occupations • Measure of occupational segregation at the workplace • Attitudes to work, jobs and roles • Complementary qualitative studies

  3. Work and life histories • Dates of key events: birth, marriage, end of marriage, births of children • Dates of changes between working full and part time and not working • Reasons for changes • Details of all jobs

  4. Economic activity by age (except FT students)

  5. % women working by age and birth cohort

  6. % of women returning to work by period of 1st birth

  7. Occupational segregation • Previous measures had been at national level • WES found much higher levels of segregation at workplace level • 63% of women worked in jobs only done by other women – • 58% of FT and 70% of PT workers • 81% of husbands worked in jobs only done by other men

  8. I II IIINM IIIM IV V Professional Teachers Nursing, medical, social Other intermediate n-m Clerical Sales Skilled manual Semi-skilled factory Semi-skilled domestic Other semi-skilled Unskilled Classifying women’s occupations: RG class and WES % 1 19 43 7 25 9 % 1 6 7 6 30 9 7 10 11 4 9

  9. Occupational mobility • 37% experienced downward mobility on returning to work after childbearing • 45% of women returning to work part time were downwardly mobile • compared with 19% returning full time

  10. Attitudes to working/not working If working: • Financial dependence on work • Intrinsic attractions of work • Coping with home and work If not working: • Feelings about not having a job • Financial need to work

  11. Findings • High financial dependence on work • Not just for ‘pin money’ • Non working women with children had higher financial stress • Most enjoyed work and were satisfied with their jobs • Hours of work and people at work more important than pay and prospects • Young childless women less satisfied

  12. General attitudes to women and work • Traditional attitudes to home and work • Benefits of work to women and family • Attitudes to women working with children of different ages • Psychological stress • Financial independence • Wives’ views of husband’s attitudes • Importance of various recent legal and policy changes

  13. Findings “A husband’s job is to earn the money; a wife’s job is to look after the home and family” 46% agreed (15% in 2002) “A married woman with children under school age ought to stay at home” 65% agreed (46% in 2002)

  14. Complementary qualitative studies • Using mixed methods wasn’t really innovatory even in 1980 • Qualitative research to inform research questions and questionnaire design • Qualitative follow-up studies to explore issues in detail • the meaning of ‘unemployment’ to those not working

  15. In conclusion The technological challenges My favourite survey ever!

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