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Video Streaming

Video Streaming. Components and Pedagogical Implications. Taoist View of Learning. Describe something and one quarter of the people will understand it. Show something and half the people will understand it. Describe it and show it and three quarters will understand it.

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Video Streaming

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  1. Video Streaming Components and Pedagogical Implications

  2. Taoist View of Learning • Describe something and one quarter of the people will understand it. • Show something and half the people will understand it. • Describe it and show it and three quarters will understand it. • Describe, show and make people use their new knowledge as soon as possible and 9 out of 10 people will understand it. Deng Ming-Dao

  3. Topics to be Covered • Technical overview of video streaming • Current state of pedagogical research into the field • Opportunities available to RGU/iNET

  4. What is Streaming? • Digital multi media content. Video/audio, still image or multi media. • Delivered on demand. • No long downloads and large files on users desktop. • Via the web and web technologies. • Real, QuickTime, Windows Media, SMIL.

  5. What does ‘Streaming’ involve? • Capture • Digital media, video/audio, ‘produced’ output • Encoding • Converting to web deliverable media • Delivery • Transmitting and receiving • Servers and players

  6. Current Research • Limited studies • TV, film & video studies [1950 - present] • Mostly US based • Click and go video • Manchester based consortium • JISC/DNER funded • Findings & best practice • Summary of materials

  7. “We can say with considerable confidence that in 65% of a very large number of comparisons [393] between televised and classroom teaching there is no significant difference, in 21%, students learned significantly more, in 14%, they learned significantly less, from television.” Schramm 1962. “Television is a technological device for transmitting communications and has no intrinsic effect for good or ill on student achievement. Effective instructional design and techniques are the crucial elements in student achievement whether instruction is delivered by television or traditional means.” Whittington 1989. TV Based Versus Classroom Teaching

  8. Schrumm. in general, there is no significant difference.” Schramm, Wilbur. Big Media, Little Media: Tools and Technologies for Instruction. Sage Publications, 1977. (Review of 300 studies). Clark. “Any resulting benefits have been attributed to teaching methods the technology supports.”Richard Clark in Stephen Ehrmann,Change, Vol. 27, #2, March/April, 1995, Page 24. Research on Film/Video and TV

  9. “No learning advantage has been demonstrated for ‘professional’ or ‘artistic’ production techniques”. Schramm 1972. We need to dissociate video for learning from television in the domestic environment, the former should be LEAN FORWARD, the latter is LEAN BACK i.e. They are utterly opposed in values. We must not confuse them in our practice. (E.G Salomon 1984 study of Israeli/US children). Production Values

  10. Streaming Media Survey in U.S 67% went for an Optimum viewing 15 minutes or less. 7 % would connect 1 hour or more.

  11. Connection Rates 50% of respondents were using a 56K modem. Only 7 % were using a T1 or T3 line. [Streaming Users]

  12. Click and Go Video Project JISC/DNER Funded Project. Best Practice in Current Research

  13. Click and Go Project - Aims • ‘Develop a conceptual framework to enable better and more widespread use of video streaming in mainstream education.’ • Produce a user focused web site with case studies, examples and guidelines to best practice. • Development of a generator tool for SMIL. [Source: click and go video, Asensio, Strom and Young, EDINEB conference Paris, June 2001].

  14. Click and Go Case Study Evaluation • 3 case studies. • Medical, hospitality and textile studies. • Variety of materials. • Paper on web site. • ‘The use of video streaming in higher education: a report on the evaluation of the click and go video case studies and the educational benefits for learners. • Maria K. Zenios, department of management learning Lancaster university, march 2002.

  15. Scope of Case Studies • Medical study. • Lecture, examination and questionnaire. • 10 students out of a cohort of 70, were asked not to attend lecture but to view online materials. • Hospitality study. • Lecture & demonstration on kitchen techniques broken to micro clips [25 – 30 seconds]. • Sample of students interviewed. • Textile study. • Video linked to buying and decision making simulation software.

  16. Case Study Results • Medical • Well received by the student group • User control of material highlighted. • Hospitality • Problems with I.T • ‘No place for Computer in the Kitchen’ • Textile • Technical restrictions caused problems

  17. Study Conclusion ‘Appears to be an educational value in developing archived video materials to be used in on demand case studies. Suggested values as follows;’ • Ease of use • Learner control • Integration • Bridging theory and practice • Changing perceptions about technology [Zenios, 2002]

  18. RGU/iNET Perspective What about us

  19. Faculty of Management Usage • Special Events • Euro Question Time Play, ConferencesPlay • Guest Lecturers • Harry Potter Publishers Play, Derek Law Playet alPlay • Supportive Materials • Some teaching materialsPlay

  20. What has been the ‘FOM’ experience • Head and Shoulders • There is a limited place • Multi Media [Real Presenter Approach] • Information on Multi Levels • Short and Sweet • American research show optimum time as 5 to 15 minutes for viewing. • The hour long lecture will NOT be watched, but it maybe LISTENED to.

  21. Planning v Video Karaoke • Planning / Storyboarding • To be effective plan the content • Message not the Messenger • The material should be the focus, not the presenter • Consider sound not vision • Open University 1970-’s TV • Styles change, this is a limited lifespan media.

  22. Streaming is only Part of the Picture • One element of the educational experience • Clips must have a purpose • It is not enough on it’s own • Use as appropriate • Click and Go Hospitality, computers in the kitchen • Think about the Audience • ‘a good director sees what the audience sees, a great director experiences what they experience’ Steven Spielberg 2002

  23. Streaming Media is only a Tool • No Pedagogical revolution • Streaming Media is a tool, not sole delivery mechanism. • Like the FoM/iNET development, only a set of tools and utilities • ‘Virtual’ Presence • Virtual in the sense of almost there. • Cannot replace the interaction, but can be part of the process.

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