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Presidents of the United States

Presidents of the United States. Mr. Wells Hickory Ridge HS. Richard M. Nixon. New Federalism Southern Strategy Stagflation OPEC Foreign Policy Watergate. New Federalism. Reduce government responsibilities from Great Society Expand Social Security , Medicare and Medicaid

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Presidents of the United States

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  1. Presidents of the United States Mr. Wells Hickory Ridge HS

  2. Richard M. Nixon • New Federalism • Southern Strategy • Stagflation • OPEC • Foreign Policy • Watergate

  3. New Federalism • Reduce government responsibilities from Great Society • Expand Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid • Took away money from health, housing, and education programs

  4. Southern Strategy • Attract southerners unhappy about desegregation • Tried to slow down desegregating schools  Swann v. Charlotte Meck. Board of Ed. • Appointed 4 justices to Supreme Court with conservative agenda

  5. Stagflation • Stagflation = high inflation & high unemployment  too much govt. spending on Great Society & Vietnam War • Nixon froze business prices and wages for 90 days

  6. OPEC • Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries • Made up of Middle East countries • Refused to ship oil to U.S. • Why? U.S. supports Israel in the Yom Kippur War against Egypt and Syria • After war, oil was 4 times higher than what it was

  7. Foreign Policy • Realpolitik  foreign policy decision based on a country’s power not morals  came from Henry Kissinger (Sec. of State) • Détente  negotiating with communists • Nixon visits China to ease tensions • SALT I Treaty with Soviets  limits ICBM’s  Nixon first president to visit Moscow

  8. Video Clip: Frost Nixon

  9. Watergate • Nixon insecure & secretive  confided only to a select group of people (inner circle: H.R. Haldeman-John Ehrlichman-John Mitchell-John Dean)  tape recorded his conversations in the Oval Office • June 17, 1972: 5 men caught breaking into Democratic HQ at the Watergate Hotel • White House began to cover-up link to President by shredding documents

  10. Watergate • Woodward and Bernstein were two reporters from Washington Post that uncovered evidence linking burglary to White House • VP Spiro Agnew resigned because a grand jury indicted him for accepting bribes while being governor of Maryland • Gerald Ford becomes new VP • Saturday Night Massacre  Nixon orders Attorney General to fire Archibald Cox (special investigator)

  11. Watergate • 1974: Nixon releases edited tapes of conversations in Oval Office. • US v. Nixon: Supreme Court orders him to give up the unedited tapes • Nixon came on TV saying “I am not a crook” • July 27: House of Representatives impeach Nixon • August 8th: Nixon resigns but admitted no guilt • American people view image of presidency destroyed

  12. Nixon Farewell

  13. Gerald R. Ford • Ending Watergate • Troubled Economy • Hostile Congress • Cold War Tensions • Southeast Asia • Assassination Attempts

  14. Gerald R. Ford - 1933 University of Michigan

  15. Ending Watergate • Ford only Vice-President and President never elected • September 8, 1974: Ford issues Proclamation 4311 giving Nixon a full and unconditional pardon • Believed pardon was in the best interest of the nation • Critics said a “corrupt bargain” had been struck • At the same time, he announced a conditional amnesty program for Vietnam War draft dodgers

  16. The Economy & Hostile Congress • WIN= Whip Inflation Now • Asked Americans to reduce their spending and consumption of gas • OPEC raised the cost of gas • He tried to cut government spending • Triggered worst economic recession in 40 years • Battled Democratic Congress - vetoed 50+ pieces of legislation

  17. Cold War Tensions • Continues negotiations with Soviet Union and China • 1975: Helsinki Accords  35 nations promised cooperation between Eastern and Western Europe

  18. Southeast Asia • April 29, 1975: Fall of Saigon  1,373 U.S. citizens evacuated  5,595 Vietnamese evacuated • Communist Cambodia seized U.S. ship  Ford responds w/ massive show of military force • Panmunjon: village in middle of DMZ (Koreas)  North Korea attacks and kills two U.S. officers who were trimming a tree in joint occupation area  Ford sends in B-52 bomber and North Korea backs down and offers an apology

  19. Saigon & Panmunjom

  20. Assassination Attempts • September 5th, 1975 (Sacramento)  Lynette “Squeaky” Fromme  follower of Charles Manson  she pulled a Colt 45 handgun and pulled the trigger but Secret Service Agent grabs gun… no round in firing chamber  sentenced to life in prison but paroled August 14, 2009 • September 22, 1975 (San Francisco)  Sara Jane Moore  38 caliber revolver  former Marine, Oliver Sipple grabbed gun and deflected shot  sentenced to life in prison but paroled December 31, 2007

  21. James Earl Carter • Election of 1976  Ford vs. Jimmy Carter  Carter: former governor of GA  Outsider to D.C. politics • Carter promised not to tell a lie to American people • Carter wins • Alienated Congress because he refused to play “insider” deal making  both parties worked together to block his policies

  22. Energy Crisis • Most important issue - Carter believed U.S. relied too much on foreign oil - 100 proposals on energy conservation - National Energy Act (1978): tax on gas guzzling cars and tax credit for alternative energy

  23. Human Rights & Cold War Tension • Cut off relations with countries who imprisoned and tortured citizens  Argentina and Brazil put on that list • Relations with Soviet Union sour because Soviet Union invades Afghanistan and Carter refuses to sign SALT II to limit nuclear arms  U.S. boycotts 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow  U.S. secretly arm Afghan rebels to fight Soviets (Osama Bin Ladin)

  24. Boycotting Olympic Games

  25. Panama Canal • U.S. owned Panama Canal since 1914  Theodore Roosevelt’s greatest foreign policy achievement (Big Stick Diplomacy) • Panamanians resented U.S. occupation • 1977 : U.S. agreed to turn over canal on December 31, 1999 • Result: Improved relations with U.S. and Latin America

  26. Camp David Accords • Carter invites Prime Ministers of Egypt and Israel to Camp David  Anwar Sadat (Egypt)  Menachem Begin (Israel) • Signed a Peace Agreement  Israel agreed to withdraw from Sinai Peninsula which it got after 6 Day War in 1967  Egypt recognizes Israel’s right to exist

  27. Iran Hostage Crisis • Jan. 1979: Ayatollah Khomeini led rebels to overthrow corrupt Shah of Iran  U.S. supported the Shah • U.S. let Shah into U.S. for cancer treatment • Nov. 4, 1979  Armed students take over U.S. embassy in Tehran… hold 52Americans for 444 days  Demanded U.S. send Shah back to Iran  Carter refused

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