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India’s Struggle for Independence

India’s Struggle for Independence. I. Early independence movements. A. Indian National Congress founded 1885 B. Muslim League formed 1907 C. During W.W.I. (1914-18), Indians supported Britain in exchange for promise of self-rule. Gandhi and Members of the Indian National Congress.

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India’s Struggle for Independence

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  1. India’s Struggle for Independence

  2. I. Early independence movements A. Indian National Congress founded 1885 B. Muslim League formed 1907 C. During W.W.I. (1914-18), Indians supported Britain in exchange for promise of self-rule

  3. Gandhi and Members of the Indian National Congress

  4. I. Early Independence … (cont.) D. British pass the Rowlatt Act 1919 1. Nationalists arrested and jailed unfairly 2. Outlawed all large gatherings of Indians 3. Amritsar Massacre * 10,000 unarmed Indians (Sikhs) assembled 4. British troops fired on the crowd – 400 dead

  5. Amritsar’s Golden Temple

  6. I. Early Independence … (cont.) E. Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi – leading Indian nationalist 1. Opposed use of violence – pacifist 2. Civil disobedience – refused to obey unjust laws 3. Boycotted British goods and urged Indians to spin their own cloth 4. Salt March – a 200 mile march against the hated Salt Acts

  7. Gandhi on the Salt March

  8. II. Limited Indian Self-Rule1935 A. Indian Constitution created 1. Indians controlled agriculture, education, public health & public works 2. Britain controlled lawmaking and foreign affairs B. Muslims demanded a separate nation – Muhammad Jinnah led the effort

  9. III. Independence 1947 A. British ended rule in India B. Partition of India – a second nation of Pakistan, created for the Muslims C. Mass migration of Hindus and Muslims 1. Bloody rioting erupted 2. More than 500,000 people killed D. Gandhi assassinated by Hindu extremist 1948 E. Jawaharlal Nehru becomes first prime minister of India 1950

  10. Nehru and Jinnah

  11. India and Pakistan After Partition

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