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MODERNISM (1910 – 1930)

MODERNISM (1910 – 1930). Experimentation in all forms of artistic expression Break of formal conventions Rejection of traditional forms of narration and representation Representation of the modern world under various and different perspectives Subjective perception of reality

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MODERNISM (1910 – 1930)

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  1. MODERNISM (1910 – 1930) • Experimentation in all forms of artistic expression • Break of formalconventions • Rejection of traditional forms of narration and representation • Representation of the modern world under various and different perspectives • Subjectiveperception of reality • Interest in the working of the unconscious mind • Tension between the avant – garde (intellettuals that address their works to a very educated audience) and the popular writers (that address their works to a simple unrefined public)

  2. Europe in 1919

  3. The Age of Anxiety W.H. AUDEN The British poet expressed the uncertainty of the years between WWI and WWII in a poem in eclogue form published in 1948. What was it? A break in the faith in human progress. It was a consequence of the aftermath of World War I

  4. The Age of Anxiety Leonard Bernstein • The poem inspired a symphony by composer Leonard Bernstein, The Age of Anxiety (Symphony no. 2 for piano and orchestra)

  5. MAJOR INFLUENCES Scientists and philosophers Sigmund Freud (multi - layered consciousness; irrational unconscious) Carl Gustav Jung(collective unconscious < myth, religion, symbolism) William James (the “stream of consciousness”) Henry Bergson (time of Mathematics vs time of the Mind) Albert Einstein (theory of relativity)

  6. Modern Philosophy Friedrich Nietzsche • rejected Christianity and argued that West overemphasized rationality • believed that Western civilization was in decline weakened by Christianity and by the idea of “Slave Morality” which praised humility. Friedrich Nietzsche

  7. Henry Bergson ModernPhilosophy believed that immediate experience/intuition was as important as rational/scientific thinking for understanding reality

  8. The new Physics Albert Einstein E=MC² • postulated that time and space are relative • they can be altered (curved) with energy • the universe is infinite • matter and energy are interchangeable Prof. Albert Einstein, Princeton U.

  9. Freudian psychology According to Freud, human behavior is basically irrational. The key to understanding the mind is the irrational unconscious (the id) Behavior is a compromise between the needs of the id and the rationalizing conscious (the ego), which mediates what a person can do, and ingrained moral values (the superego), which tell what a person should do. Sigmund Freud

  10. Freudian Psychology SUPEREGO Id primitive irrational unconscious, driven by pleasure seeking desires Egorationalizing conscious part Superegodeeply ingrained moral values EGO ID

  11. ModernPhilosophy Existentialism • Individuals create the meaning and essence of their lives, as opposed to deities or authorities creating it for them • Absence of a transcendent force • Individual is entirely free and, therefore, ultimately responsible. Jean Paul Sartre Albert Camus

  12. Artisticexpressionsinvolved Painting Salvador Dalì Henri Matisse Pablo Picasso Georges Braque Marcel Duchamps

  13. Henry Matisse - La danse (1910) EXPRESSIONISM

  14. Cubism Pablo Picasso Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907) The subject matter is broken down, analyzed, and reassembled in abstract form. “The artist should treat nature in terms of the cylinder, the sphere, and the cone”(Cezanne)

  15. CUBISM Georges Braque: Woman with a Guitar(1913)

  16. Marcel Duchamp: Nude Descending a Staircase(1912) Dadaism • Down with convention and tradition • Nihilist • Ridiculed contemporary culture & traditional art forms. Marcel Duchamps Fountain (1917)

  17. Surrealism Salvador Dali: Soft Construction with Boiled Beans (Premonition of Civil War), 1936 Late 1920s-1940s. Came from the nihilistic genre of DaDa. Influenced by Freud’s theories on psychoanalysis and the subconscious. Confusing & startling images like those in dreams.

  18. Artisticexpressionsinvolved Music ArnoldSchoenberg Igor Stravinskij

  19. Foreign writers associated with Modernism RussiaFëdorDostoevskij(Memories from the Underworld,1864) FranceMarcel Proust (A la recherchedutemps perdu,1908 – 1922)

  20. Foreign writers associated with Modernism Germany Herman Hesse(Siddharta, 1922) Franz Kafka (The Castle, 1920 –1922)

  21. Foreign writers associated with Modernism Italy Italo Svevo Filippo Tommaso Marinetti (Lacoscienza di Zeno, 1923) (Manifesto della Letteratura Futurista,1910);

  22. Twentieth century literature Postwar moods: • Pessimism, • Relativism • Alienation Literature focused on the complexity and irrationality of the human mind Proust psychological relativity attempt to understand oneself by looking at one's past Woolf, Faulkner, Joyce stream-of-consciousness technique ideas and emotions from different time periods bubble up randomly Kafka, Orwell, Huxley dystopia prediction of a future of doom.

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