The 13 colonies

1. Places and People The 13 colonies

2. People to know • John Locke • English Philosopher • Beliefs • Personal liberty could coexist with political order • Consent is the basis for government and fixes its limits; • Government is a social contract with limited powers • Government can be modified by the governed • Introduced unalienable rights which included life, liberty and protection of property • Introduced legislative and executive branches of a government

3. People to know • Charles de Montesquieu • French philosopher • Beliefs • Added the Judiciary to the Branches of Government • Introduced separation of powers; • believed that in a republic, education is an absolute necessity

4. People to know • William Blackstone • English judge, jurist and professor • wrote the book on common law called Commentaries on the Laws of England • wrote about “natural rights” which included life and liberty • Beliefs • Religious tolerance • The idea of self-defense (later became the 2nd Amendment)

5. Southern colonies • Physical Characteristics • Appalachian Mountains • navigable rivers, richer soil, warm climate, raw materials, • Human Characteristics • Economic: plantations, • Political: more slaves, more class-based society, • Social: small coastal towns • Religious: Church of England, Catholics

6. Jamestown, Virginia (1st Colony) founded in 1607 • Virginia House of Burgesses (1619) • 1st representative assembly in the colonies. • Enacted laws and to protect individual rights. • Maryland established for religious freedom for Catholics • Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina established for economic freedom • Georgia established for refuge for English debtors (poor) and as a buffer zone against Spanish Florida Important Details

7. New England • Physical Characteristics • Atlantic Ocean, subsistence farming, poor soil, cold climate, forest • Human Characteristics • Economic: raw materials, logging, fishing, shipbuilding • Political: town meetings, representative government • Social factors: small coastal towns • Religious factors: Puritans

8. Plymouth, Massachusetts 2nd colony founded in 1620 • Maine is part of Massachusetts • Mayflower Compact (1620) • Established the idea of self-government and majority rule • Provided a model for later development of representative government. • A social contract where all agreed to abide by these rules. • Thomas Hooker • Puritan Leader that migrated to Connecticut; influenced the writing of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1638) • 1st written constitution in the colonies. • This document stated that people had the right to elect governors, judges, and a legislature. • All colonies founded for religious freedom for Puritans • Boston, Massachusetts largest city in region Important Details

9. Middle Colonies • Physical Characteristics • Rich soil; broad, deep rivers; more natural ports; river valleys, mild winters, raw materials, • Atlantic Ocean • Human Characteristics • Economic: large farms, logging, fishing, shipbuilding • Political: more tolerance • Social: small coastal towns • Religious: Quakers

10. William Penn • Founds Pennsylvania • Religious and political freedom for Quakers • New Amsterdam • Renamed New York after England defeats Denmark in war • The colonies of New York, New Jersey, and Delaware founded for economic freedom • The two largest cities of the colony are New York, New York and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Important Details

11. 13 colonies map

12. New England Colonies Never Make Cynthia Run Middle Colonies New Pennies New Dimes Southern Colonies My Vehicle Needs Some Gas

13. Southern Colonies My Maryland Vehicle Virginia Needs North Carolina Some South Carolina Gas Georgia

14. New England Colonies Never New Hampshire Make Massachusetts Cynthia Connecticut Run Rhode Island

15. Middle Colonies New New York Pennies Pennsylvania New New Jersey Dimes Delaware