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THE CASE FOR WASTE

Waste Conversion Systems. 290 Linden Oaks, Suite 220, Rochester NY, 14625 danh@wasteconsys.com Exclusive distributor in Ukraine: JSC RTI TTR Kolomenskaya Str., 3, p/b. 352, Kharkov, 61166, Ukraine nti@ttr.com.ua. THE CASE FOR WASTE.

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THE CASE FOR WASTE

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  1. Waste Conversion Systems 290 Linden Oaks, Suite 220, Rochester NY, 14625 danh@wasteconsys.com Exclusive distributor in Ukraine:JSC RTI TTR Kolomenskaya Str., 3, p/b. 352, Kharkov, 61166, Ukraine nti@ttr.com.ua THE CASE FOR WASTE The Practical, Affordable INCINERATION Solution from Waste Conversion Systems (WCS)

  2. MUNICIPAL WASTE INDUSTRIAL WASTE COMMERCIAL WASTE MEDICAL WASTE & HAZARDOUS WASTE WCS SOLUTIONS FOR SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL

  3. 200 MILLION TONS OF SOLID WASTE ARE GENERATED IN THE US. ANNUALLY . AND THIS INCREASES YEARLY. EACH AMERICAN GENERATES 4.4 LB../DAY OF MSW (EPA) THE HIGHEST MSW PER CAPITA IN THE WORLD • OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD ARE IN EVEN MORE DIFFICULTY. MSW IN BANGKOK, THAILAND INCREASED FROM 2,723 TPD IN 1983 TO 5,800 TPD IN 1993 AND TO 9,000 TPD IN 1996 . WITHOUT DRAMATIC INTERVENTION EXPECTATIONS ARE FOR 44,000 TPD IN 2030 ( BMA & JAPANESE STUDY PROJECTIONS ). WHY THE EMPHASIS ON SOLID WASTE?

  4. BROAD EXPERTISE & UNDERSTANDING OF THE WASTE PROBLEM • ENGINEERING, & LOGISTICS KNOW-HOW • TOTAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT • WORLDWIDE EXPERIENCE • NOT JUST SOLUTIONS BUT “THE BEST SOLUTIONS” (initial cost, timeliness, performance, operating cost & solution durability) WHY WCS?

  5. BEFORE ANYTHING ELSE ANALYZE THE PROBLEM THOROUGHLY FIRST!

  6. ESTABLISH AND COMMUNICATE CLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL PRIORITIES, OBJECTIVES & DIRECTION • OPTIMIZE LONG TERM WASTE MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL CAPACITY THAT MEETS COMMUNITY & INDUSTRY NEEDS • PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT AS PRIMARY GOALS DEVELOP A COMPREHENSIVE, INTEGRATED PLAN TO:

  7. INITIATE ACTION NEXT!

  8. CAREFULLY ASSESS THE WASTE STREAM (for content, seasonal variations, point source variations, transportation issues, etc..) • PROMOTE EDUCATION AND ENCOURAGE PARTICIPATION TO INCREASE EFFECTIVENESS OF EFFORTS • INITIATE AND PROVIDE INCENTIVES FOR WASTE REDUCTION, REUSE AND RECYCLING (source separation) FIRST PHYSICAL STEPS

  9. REDUCE(waste minimization, industrial pretreatment) • REUSE (create value added products, material reuse, industrial exchange) • RECYCLE (conserve raw materials and energy) • COMPOST(recycle nutrients in organic materials) • INCINERATE (“waste-to-energy recovery”) • LANDFILL(last & least attractive option - incapacitates earth resources ) ESTABLISH PRIORITIES

  10. PLAN EARLY • BE AWARE OF THE POLITICS • DEVELOP A STRATEGIC PLAN • BE PROACTIVE • PACKAGE YOUR PROJECT INVOLVE THE COMMUNITY • IDENTIFY SUPPORTERS • OBTAIN MEDIA COVERAGE • BE ACTIVE IN PUBLIC HEARINGS

  11. WHEN YOU HAVE DONE YOUR BEST AT WASTE MANAGEMENT, ITS TIME TO LOOK AT WASTE DISPOSAL OPTIONS THEN!

  12. BURY IT (LANDFILLS BECOME “LANDFULLS” & TICKING TIME BOMBS)! • BURN IT (INCINERATE, OR WASTE-TO-ENERGY) WHICH IS THE BETTER ALTERNATIVE? WHAT DO YOU DO WITH WHAT’S LEFT??

  13. AFTER BEST EFFORTS, THERE WILL BE WASTE LEFTOVER! SOURCE - US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY US MUNICIPAL WASTE DISPOSAL

  14. TRANSPORTATION COSTS • LANDFILLS BECOME “LANDFULLS” • LEACHATE (“ticking time bombs - all liners will eventually leak”) • GREENHOUSE GASSES (CO2, NOx & CH4) • OTHER - (odor, seagulls, rats, insects, health menace ) • REAL ESTATE IMPACT ( NIMBY, BANANA, NOPE - permanent land consumption ) • LOSS OF ENERGY AND OTHER NATURAL RESOURCES LANDFILL CONCERNS

  15. ...“Waste in landfills remain a threat to groundwater quality for as long as they remain in the landfill, such dry tomb landfills located above groundwater will eventually cause contamination of that groundwater.” source: G.Fred Lee, Ph.D..., P.E. & President G.Fred Lee & Associates p10 - MSW Management magazine, September/October 1991 LANDFILL LEACHATE ENEMY OF NEAR AND FUTURE GENERATIONS

  16. “…Based on an energy value for land filled MSW of 3000 BTU’s/lb., the amount of energy that has been buried in MSW landfills in the US. in the past 35 years is equivalent to 1 billion tons of coal. Some 35 million tons of coal equivalent is being land filled annually.” (SOURCE: SSB ENVIRONMENTAL OFFICIAL - 1995) LANDFILLS - A “LOST” ENERGY RESOURCE

  17. U.S. MSW DISPOSAL

  18. WASTE -TO-ENERGY WORLDWIDE(% of MSW waste not recyclable & converted to energy)

  19. IN SWEDEN ONE HOUSEHOLD OUT OF TEN IS SUPPLIED WITH HEAT AND HOT WATER VIA WASTE INCINERATION (HIBALLER MAGAZINE, 8/92 - PAGE 22) • PARIS INCINERATES ALL OF ITS DOMESTIC WASTE IN TWO LARGE PLANTS IN THE CENTER OF THE CITY HEATING OVER 70,000 APARTMENTS WITH THE ENERGY RECOVERED (WASTE MANAGEMENT & ENVIRONMENT, 4/92 - PAGE 38) EXAMPLES OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY BENEFITS

  20. …“MSW IS THE SECOND CLEANEST FUEL WE HAVE AFTER NATURAL GAS.” (MSW NEWS, 11/91) • …“EMISSIONS FOR WASTE INCINERATION ARE LOWER OR ON THE SAME LEVEL WITH ALTERNATIVE FUELS.” (Nils Jirvall, Swedish SPPA, Hiballer Magazine, 8/92 - Page 22) MSW AS A FUEL

  21. WCS INCINERATORS ARE VIRTUALLY WITHOUT COMPETITION AS THE ONLY ECONOMICALLY TOLERABLE SYSTEM ALSO MEETING ALL WORLDWIDE ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS (1/3 TO 1/2 LESS IN CAPITAL COST) • DESIGN SIMPLICITY IS ONE KEY THE BEST WASTE CONVERSION SYSTEM?

  22. EPA “BACT”, BEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY(meets all international emission standards) • LOWEST CAPITAL COST ( 1/3 to 1/2 less ) • LOWEST OPERATING COST ( $20 to $25/ton) • SIMPLE, RELIABLE, DURABLE , EASILY OPERATED & MAINTAINED • EFFICIENT WASTE -TO - ENERGY OPTION • LOW COST ASH VITRIFICATION OPTION • “TURNKEY” INSTALLATIONS • OVER 100 WORLDWIDE INSTALLATIONS & 12 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE • PREFABRICATED (easily installed anywhere in the world) Waste Conversion Systems“unsurpassed modern waste incineration technology”

  23. 300 TPD MSW COMBUSTION PLANT[ REQUIRES APPROXIMATELY 1 HECTARE ( 3 ACRES)] BOILER SYSTEM WITH HEAT RECOVERY DRY SORBENT INJECTION STATION ASH REMOVAL “V” HEARTH COMBUSTION CHAMBER EWCC EWCC HYDRAULIC ASH RAM STACK W/ SAMPLING STATION REVERSE PULSE BAG HOUSE ASH STORAGE AREA (COVERED) OVERFIRE & UNDERFIRE FANS # 2 FUEL STORAGE 7.3 METER WALKING FLOOR CONVEYOR ( “PICKING OPTION”) ID FAN STORAGE AREA ~ 750 TONS #2 BURNER MAINTENANCE & EQUIPMENT ROOMS 61 X 30 m INCINERATOR BUILDING W/ MEZZANINE MAINTENANCE SERVICE DOOR CONCRETE SLAB 152mm THICK OPERATIONS OFFICES SCALES TRUCK ENTRY/EXIT

  24. UNIQUE REFRACTORY durable “Refactory” material • COMPLETE PROCESS MONITORING AND CONTROLS • MEETS OR EXCEEDS ANY EMISSION REQUIREMENTS worldwide • >90% VOLUME & ~75% WEIGHT REDUCTION OF WASTE • SIMPLE REFRACTORY “V” HEARTH • EFFICIENT WASTE-TO-ENERGY CONVERSION – steam, hot water, electricity • COMPLETE, CLEAN COMBUSTION – 5~7 seconds VS.. 1~2 seconds retention time in the combustion chamber • SIMPLE TO OPERATE – totally automated not requiring highly sophisticated personnel & training • CONVEYOR / RAM FEED HANDLES BULKY ITEMS • WASTE FEED DESIGN SUPPORTS “PICKING” STATION(S) WCS TECHNOLOGY BENEFITS

  25. COMBUSTION CHAMBER • FEED & ASH HANDLING EQUIPMENT • GAS COOLING - ENERGY RECOVERY • EMISSION CONTROL • ENGINEERING & TRAINING MAJOR INCINERATOR ELEMENTS

  26. HYDRATED LIME 150 PPH STACK GASES 82,330 PPH WCS WTE 150 TPD MATERIAL BALANCE POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON 5 PPH H20 = 10% N2 = 67% C02 = 15% 02 = 8% • GAS & • PARTICULATES • 82,350 PPH SOLID WASTE 12,500 PPH REVERSE PULSE BAGHOUSE COOLING TOWER FEEDER BOILER ID. FAN SEE STEAM FLOW DIAGRAM COMBUSTION AIR 72,650 PPH ASH 2800 PPH FLY ASH 25 PPH LIME & SALTS 165 PPH

  27. STEAM PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM 150 TPD WTE STEAM BALANCE 32,625 PPH GENERATOR TURBINE 3000 kW BOILER 1100 PPH COOLING TOWER BLOW DOWN 500 PPH CONDENSER 29,950 PPH MAKEUP 2075 PPH PUMP DEAERATOR

  28. USA/CANADA 75 • SOUTHEAST ASIA 25 • AUSTRALIA 20 • PHILIPPINES 4 • SOUTH AFRICA 1 • SOUTH AMERICA 1 “more than 100 installations & 18 years of experience with municipal, industrial & hazardous waste” Waste Conversion SystemsWORLDWIDE INSTALLATIONS

  29. WCS COMBUSTION CHAMBER TRANSITION PRIMARY COMBUSTION CHAMBER HAC REFRACTORY PANELS GUILLOTINE DOOR OVERFIRE AIR LOADING DOOR BURNER • FEEDER V-HEARTH FURNACE UNDERFIRE AIR HYDRAULIC POWER UNIT ASH RAM

  30. COMBUSTION CHAMBER SIMPLE, DURABLE REFRACTORY CONSTRUCTION EASY PRECAST REFRACTORY PANEL REPLACEMENT AIR COOLED WALL DESIGN TEMPERATURE EXCURSIONS TO 2600 F (1425 C) VIOLENT AIR MIXING FOR TOTAL COMBUSTION • SOLID REFRACTORY CONDITIONING TOWER • ALL REFRACTORY “V” HEARTH MINIMAL LABOR , HYDRAULIC RAM ASH HANDLING DESIGN LOW MAINTENANCE - NO MOVING GRATES DURABLE & LONG LASTING DESIGN SIMPLICITY MEANS RELIABILITY

  31. LOW UNIFORM THERMAL EXPANSION • KEY TO WCS RELIABILITY & DURABILITY • ALLOWS AN AIR COOLEDWALL DESIGN • REFRACTORY PANELS ARE PRECAST • MAINTENANCE IS EASY & SIMPLE HAC REFRACTORY

  32. ALL REFRACTORY, AIR COOLED WALL CHAMBER • PRIMARY COMBUSTION AIR SYSTEM • SECONDARY COMBUSTION HIGH TURBULENCE AIR SYSTEM • PRIMARY & SECONDARY BLOWERS WITH INLET VANE DAMPERS • DURABLE “V” HEARTH FURNACE DESIGN • TOTALLY AUTOMATED COMBUSTION, FUEL, FEED & ASH HANDLING CONTROL • AUXILIARY FUEL BURNER FOR IGNITION & TEMPERATURE CONTROL PRIMARY COMBUSTION CHAMBER COMPONENTS

  33. PACKAGE BOILER MEETING ASME STANDARDS • COOLING TOWER, CONDENSER, DE-AERATOR & DUPLEX PUMPS • ALL PUMPS, VALVES, CONTROLS & ACCESSORIES • WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM • COGENERATION EQUIPMENT ( turbine generator, switch gear, cooling tower, valves, etc...) GAS COOLING/ENERGY RECOVERY

  34. CONDITIONING TOWER WITH AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE CONTROL • DRY CARBON ACTIVATED POWDER INJECTION SYSTEM • DRY CAUSTIC SORBENT ACID GAS CONTROL SYSTEM • BAGHOUSES, ASH REMOVAL EQUIPMENT & AIR COMPRESSOR • EXHAUST STACK WITH SAMPLING PORTS • STACK O2, CO, SO2 , OPACITY, COMBUSTION AND EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE, AIR FLOW AND PRIMARY CHAMBER O2 INSTRUMENTATION • DRAFT CONTROL EQUIPMENT INCLUDING ID FAN & DAMPERS EMISSION CONTROL EQUIPMENT

  35. UPPER PLENUM 100 PSIG AIR SUPPLY TYPICAL FABRIC FILTER “BAGHOUSE” EXHAUST OUTLET SOLENOID VALVES TIMER TUBE SHEET NOZZLE OR ORIFICE COLLARS INDUCED FLOW VENTURI NOZZLE FILTER BAGS WIRE RETAINERS MANOMETER COLLECTOR HOUSING DUST LADEN AIR HOPPER INLET AIRLOCK DISCHARGE

  36. EMISSION PERFORMANCE VS. REGULATIONS EMISSION (WCS) US EPA Particulate 20 45 SO2 <115 115 CO 25 165 Nox 412 <400 DIOXINS* 0.15 13 (mg/Rm3) *(ng/Rm3)

  37. 400 mt/day MSW WTE Plant Equipment Furnished and Installed is about USD $50,000 per ton of capacity or $20 million. • We exclude all Civil Work and Auxiliary Equipment *(with EU emission control equipment) TYPICAL COSTS (U.S. INSTALLATION *- $MILLION)

  38. Thermal Oxidation Chamber

  39. Thermal Oxidation Chamber

  40. Interior of 20 Metric Ton per Daytoc Thermal Gasification Plant 2 Primary Gasification Chambers (Grey rectangles) 1 Secondary Combustion Chamber (Grey Cylinder) 1 Steam Boiler (Blue Cylinder)

  41. Modular ConceptIndependent toc Process Train Model Standard TOC module processes solid waste (about 50 metric tons MSW) in 4 Primary Chambers

  42. Municipal • Industrial & Commercial • Construction & Demolition • Medical & Pharmaceutical • Tires (whole or shredded) • Fish & animal remains • Wastewater bio-solids • Biomass crops • Tree stumps Shortlist of Acceptable Waste Types:

  43. Liquid wastes can be injected into the TOC to be destroyed safely while boosting energy recovery and power generation without adding to capital or operational costs TOC Can Also Destroy Liquid Wastes Shortlist of Acceptable Liquid Wastes • Motor oil • Oil & latex paints • Organic solvents • Anti-freeze • Organic refrigerants & propellants

  44. 15 minutes to load 15 metric tons of waste into each Primary Gasification Chamber. • No more labour is required for 23 hours. Stage 1: Easy Batch Loading by Front-wheel loader or Conveyor

  45. No Sorting or Pre-Processing of wasteCuts Capital & Operating Costs & Downtime Loose, baled and densified wastes can all be loaded into the BOS™ with no sorting or pre-processing

  46. Stage 2: Primary Gasification Chamber Primary Gasification Chambers convert solid waste into hot syngas by slow, undisturbed thermal decomposition under starved-air conditions at moderate temperature (450°C). Conversion process takes 12 to 14 hours per batch. Cool down takes 6 to 8 hours

  47. Only a few gallons fuel required to • Start reaction in 65m chamber • Self-sustaining thermal reaction • Turns waste into hot gasses and • Clean, non-toxic, carbon-free ash • No slag or clinkers • Reduces volume up to 97% • Moderate temperature and slow, • Undisturbed gasification greatly • Reduces particulate matter, heavy • Metals, NOx and other pollutants Advantages of Moderate Temperature and Slow, Undisturbed Gasification

  48. Stage 3: Secondary Gasification Chamber Hot syngas is drawn into the Secondary Combustion Chamber where ambient air added to create violent combustion at temperatures up to 1200°C. Retention time over 2 seconds. Energy conversion efficiency up to 95% to boiler.

  49. From the Secondary Chamber, the air is cooled and undergo the following process: • Dry Sorbent Injection System • Baghouse filtration system Stage 4: Air Emission control System

  50. Energy can be recovered in boiler (above), Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) engine, absorption chiller or heat exchanger. Energy recovered can be used for industrial processes , heating and cooling, and generatingelectricity. Stage 5: Energy Recovery

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