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A537 SPACE ORIENTATION COURSE

A537 SPACE ORIENTATION COURSE. A537 SPACE ORIENTATION. Instructors LTC Deborah Gregoire Major Dusty Tyson Major Tom Frooninckx Mr. Jeff Barker. CGSC Space Office: Room 65B, Bell Hall 684-2536/2513. A537 Lesson Schedule. A537 Lesson Schedule. SPACE ORIENTATION Course Requirements.

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A537 SPACE ORIENTATION COURSE

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  1. A537 SPACE ORIENTATION COURSE

  2. A537SPACE ORIENTATION Instructors LTC Deborah Gregoire Major Dusty Tyson Major Tom Frooninckx Mr. Jeff Barker CGSC Space Office: Room 65B, Bell Hall 684-2536/2513

  3. A537 Lesson Schedule

  4. A537 Lesson Schedule

  5. SPACE ORIENTATIONCourse Requirements • Examination 40% • Group Presentation 20% • Class Participation 40%

  6. A537 SPACE ORIENTATION COURSE LESSON 1 INTRODUCTION SPACE POLICY SPACE ORGANIZATIONS

  7. A537 SPACE ORIENTATION COURSE INTRODUCTIONS & EXPECTATIONS

  8. INITIAL PROBE INTO THE INNER REGIONS OF SPACE

  9. Sources ofSpace Policy and Law • Custom • Domestic and International Laws • Treaties and Agreements • Policy Statements and Directives • Presidential • DoD and the Armed Services • Other Government Organizations

  10. CUSTOM • Based on maritime law and customs. • Specific differences: Abandoned space materials are still the property (and responsibility) of the launching nation. Not like maritime derelicts and wrecks. • Concept: If not specifically illegal, then it is legal.

  11. Principles of International Space Law • International law applies to outer space • Space is free for use by all countries • Space will be used for peaceful purposes • Space objects must be registered with the UN

  12. Limited Test Ban Treaty 1963 • Prohibits nuclear tests or explosions in space, underwater, and atmosphere • US, UK, and USSR original parties • Many countries have signed since 1963 • Notably, France and PRC still have not signed

  13. Outer Space Treaty 1967 • Broad, general principles, non-binding • Established freedom of access to space • Nations can’t “claim” space or planets • Establishes basic liability for damage caused by manmade space objects

  14. Outer Space Treaty 1967(continued) • Space is for peaceful purposes only • No space-based weapons of mass destruction • Over 100 countries have signed to include all space capable nations

  15. Agreement on the Rescue and Return of Astronauts 1968 • Elaborates principles stated in Article V of Outer Space Treaty of 1967 • Astronauts are peaceful envoys of mankind and must be returned safely and promptly • Recover spacecraft if possible, launching state must pay for recovery

  16. ABM Treaty 1972 • Bilateral agreement between US and USSR. Russia has affirmed. • Deploy ABM system around capital and one missile field • Amended by 1974 protocol to either/or • Deploy warning radars only on periphery • Can’t interfere with national technical means of verification of other party • ABM systems and components cannot be sea, air, space,or mobile land-based

  17. Liability Convention 1972 • Created effective rules and procedures governing liability of space objects (Outer Space Treaty, Articles VI and VII) • Defines damage from space object • On earth and in air: absolute • In space: fault based • Claims through diplomatic channels • Cosmos 954/Skylab good examples

  18. Registration Convention 1975 • Requires central registry of space objects with UN to further strengthen liability convention of 1972 • Each state shall provide, as soon as possible: Launching state, designator number, date and location of launch, basic orbital parameters and deorbit information • Use satellite catalog to identify objects

  19. Moon Treaty 1979 • Declares Moon and its natural resources to be common heritage of all mankind, and all countries benefit from exploration, exploitation of moon • Wealth redistribution scheme • Only 6 countries have signed, no space powers have signed treaty

  20. Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START I and II) • START I: • Effective 4 Dec 1994 • Limits must be met by Dec 2001 • 6000 warheads/1600 delivery systems • START II: • Ratified by US Congress (not Russian) • Limits must be met by Jan 2003 • No MIRVs or “Heavy” ICBMs • 3000-3500 total warheads

  21. Domestic Law • U S Law and Regulations • Budget and appropriations process • NASA Act of 1958 • Commercial Space Launch Act of 1984 • Land Remote Sensing Policy Act (1992)

  22. NASA Act 1958 • Established National Aeronautics and Space Administration • Responsible for space activities not related to national defense • Peaceful exploration of space • Enhance national prestige of the US

  23. Commercial Space Launch Act (CSLA) 1984 • Purpose: To promote private sector activity in space and provide single agency to regulate commercial launches • Set liability limits and made military space launch infrastructure available for commercial use on a cost-reimbursable basis

  24. Land Remote Sensing Policy Act (1992) • Repealed previous LANDSAT Act of 1984 • Joint ownership of LANDSAT by DoD and NASA • Only unclassified images • Civilian organizations must pay cost for data retrieval only

  25. National Space Policy • Each President since Eisenhower has published a space policy • Each builds on the previous policies • National security use of space and space systems always included • Supplemented by additional directives

  26. National Space Policy Evolution • 1958 - First national space policy. Separate programs for civil, commercial, and national security. NASA created. • 1960’s - Kennedy set first major space goal. “…man on the Moon…” • 1970’s - Moon landings then space program looses focus and priority is lowered. Broad objectives. Shuttle program approved. • 1980’s - Space warfighting perspective. Strategic Defense Initiative to eliminate ballistic missile threat. • 1990’s - Space relatively low priority. Emphasis of joint ventures. Space station downsized.

  27. Clinton Administration1993 - • BMDO replaced SDIO • National Space Council replaced by National Science and Technology Council • Consolidation of weather satellite systems to POES • Declassification of information

  28. Clinton Administration1993 - • National security space activities shall contribute to US national security by: • supporting right of self-defense of US, allies and friends • deterring, warning, and defending against enemy attack • assuring hostile forces cannot prevent our use of space • countering, if necessary, space systems and services used for hostile purposes • enhancing operations of U.S. and allied forces • ensuring our ability to conduct military and intelligence space-related activities • satisfying military and intelligence requirements during peace and crisis as well as through all levels of conflict

  29. Department of DefenseSpace Policy • Supports and amplifies U.S. national space policy • Space recognized as an operational medium (like land, sea and air) • Space mission areas defined: • Space Support • Force Enhancement • Space Control • Force Application

  30. Air Force Space Policy Tenants • Spacepower will be as decisive in future combat as airpower is today • The Air Force leads the integration of space throughout all joint operations • Create fully integrated air and space forces that exploit the aerospace environment

  31. Air Force Space Policy Objectives • Integrate space into all facets of joint operations • Develop the world's best spacelift and infrastructure • Create effective TMD, NMD, and GMD capabilities • Pursue international space cooperation for a global missile warning system

  32. Navy Space Policy • Space is an essential medium for the conduct of maritime operations. • DON will integrate space into every facet of naval operations. The primary focus is to provide space-based support to the warfighter. Emphasis is placed on naval tactical requirements and operations

  33. Army Space Policy • Recognizes that Army is dependent on space systems, capabilities and products • Space products are a force multiplier • Space to be embedded in Army doctrine, training scenarios, wargames, exercises, and plans. • Requires developing, maintaining, and enhancing Army space expertise, to include provision for training of space-knowledgeable soldiers and civilians

  34. US Space Strategy Formulation • Space law and policy acts as a foundation upon which strategy and tactics are built • Policy drives strategy • Strategy drives tactics • Policy should be adaptable • If no longer valid, change it • Re-assess policy on a periodic basis • Change due to technology/requirements

  35. Summary • The legal and political parameters under which US space policies and programs are developed • International and domestic space laws, treaties and policies • Things to consider in developing US space strategy

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