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ROUTERS AND ROUTING PROTOCOLS

ROUTERS AND ROUTING PROTOCOLS. Group Members- 1) Mohit Udani 2) Ranjith Kumar.M 3) Salma Siddique 4) Abhishek Soni 5) Jerin Jacob. Mr. SACHIN KHANDELWAL (S.D.E.) Mr. N.S.NAG (D.E.) Mr. L.K.VERMA (PROJECT GUIDE). CONTENTS -. NETWORK. TYPES OF NETWORK. OSI MODEL.

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ROUTERS AND ROUTING PROTOCOLS

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  1. ROUTERS AND ROUTING PROTOCOLS • Group Members- 1)MohitUdani 2)RanjithKumar.M 3)SalmaSiddique 4)AbhishekSoni 5)Jerin Jacob Mr. SACHIN KHANDELWAL (S.D.E.) Mr. N.S.NAG (D.E.) Mr. L.K.VERMA (PROJECT GUIDE)

  2. CONTENTS- • NETWORK. • TYPES OF NETWORK. • OSI MODEL. • ROUTERS. • ROUTING PROTOCOLS.

  3. NETWORK • Set of devices connected by media links. • Links connecting the devices are called communication channels. • Networks use distributed processing. • A task is divided among multiple computers instead of a single large machine .

  4. ADVANTAGES OF DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING- • Distributed databases. • Faster problem solving. • Collaborative processing. • Security through redundancy.

  5. PROTOCOLS- • A set of rules for communication, called protocols. • Allows computers with different operating characteristics to speak the same language. • The key elements of a protocol are- • Syntax- Structure or format of the data. • Semantics- Meaning of each section of bits. • Timing- When and how fast the data should be send.

  6. LAN - Local Area Network • Connects computers that are physically close together ( < 1 mile). • High speed • Multi-point network. • Technologies: – Ethernet 10 Mbps, 100Mbps. – Token Ring 16 Mbps. – FDDI 100 Mbps.

  7. MAN - Metropolitan AreaNetwork • Larger than a LAN and smaller than a WAN. • Example: campus-wide network. • Multi-point network. • Technologies: – Coaxial cable. – Microwave.

  8. WAN - Wide Area Network • Connects computers that are physically far apart. “Long-haul network”. • Typically slower than a LAN. • Typically less reliable than a LAN. • Point-to-point network. • Technologies: – Telephone lines. – Satellite communications.

  9. OSI Reference Model Layered model: 7. Application layer. 6. Presentation layer. 5. Session layer. 4. Transport layer. 3. Network layer. 2. Data Link layer. 1. Physical layer.

  10. The Network Layer • Source to destination delivery of packets. • Path selection between end-systems (routing). • Logical addressing. • Subnet flow control. • Translation between different network types.

  11. ROUTERS

  12. A ROUTER is a specialized device. • Connects one network to another, directing data packets from a source to the final destination. • Routers are different than switches. • Switches connect groups of computers to a LAN (Local Area Network). • A router connects that LAN to another LAN or to the Internet.

  13. WORKING OF ROUTERS- • Data comes in on one of the lines. • The router reads the address information in the packet to determine its ultimate destination. • Using information in its Routing table it directs the packet to the next network on its journey or drops the packet. • A data packet is typically passed from router to router through the networks of the Internet.

  14. TYPES OF ROUTERS- • Home and small office routers. • Pass data, such as web pages and email, between the home computers and the owner's cable or DSL modem. • More sophisticated routers range from enterprise routers, which connect large business or ISP networks up to the powerful core routers. • They forward data at high speed along the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone.

  15. ROUTING PROTOCOLS- • A routing protocol is a set of processes, algorithms, and messages. • These are used to exchange routing information. • Populate the routing table with the routing protocol’s choice of best paths.

  16. PURPOSE OF A ROUTING PROTOCOL- • Discovering remote networks. • Maintaining up-to-date routing information. • Choosing the best path to destination networks. • Having the ability to find a new best path if the current path is no longer available.

  17. Components of a routing protocol- • Data structures: Some routing protocols use tables or databases for their operations. • Algorithm-Routing protocolsuse algorithms for processing routing information and for best-path determination. • Routing protocol messages: Routing protocols use various types of messages to discover neighboring routers and exchange routing information.

  18. STATIC ROUTING- • Configuration complexity increases with network size. • Administrator intervention for topology changes are required. • Suitable for simple topologies. • Route to destination is always the same.

  19. Static routing advantages- • Minimal CPU processing. • Easier for administrator to understand. • Easy to configure.

  20. DYNAMIC ROUTING- • Configuration complexity independent of the network size. • Automatically adopts to the topology changes. • Suitable for simple and complex topologies. • Route depends on the current topology.

  21. Dynamic routing advantages- • Administrator has less work in maintaining the configuration when adding or deleting networks. • Protocols automatically react to the topology changes. • Configuration is less error-prone. • More scalable; growing the network usually does not present a problem.

  22. Classful and Classless Routing Protocols- • All routing protocols can also be classified as either- • Classful routing protocols. • Classless routing protocols.

  23. CLASSFUL PROTOCOLS- • Classful routing protocols do not send subnet mask information in routing updates. • Subnet mask is the same throughout the topology. • Classful routing protocols do not support variable-length subnet masks (VLSM). • Classful routing protocols include RIPv1 and IGRP.

  24. CLASSLESS PROTOCOLS- • Classless routing protocols include the subnet mask with the network address in routing updates. • Classless routing protocols support VLSM. • Subnet mask can vary in the topology. • Classless routing protocols are RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS, and BGP.

  25. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ROUTED PROTOCOLS AND ROUTING PROTOCOLS-

  26. ROUTED PROTOCOLS- • A routed protocol is a protocol by which data can be routed. • Required in such a protocol is an addressing scheme based on which we will be able to identify the network to which a host belongs. • All hosts on an internetwork (routers, servers, and workstations) can utilize the services of a routed protocol. • Examples of a routed protocol are IP, IPX, and AppleTalk.

  27. ROUTING PROTOCOLS- • A routing protocol is only used between routers. • Its purpose is to help routers building and maintain routing tables. • Examples of a routing protocol are IGRP,EIGRP and RIP.

  28. THANK YOU

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