Systematizing Recovery Management in the Criminal Justice System

1. Systematizing Recovery Managementin the Criminal Justice System Integrating Justice and Health to Lower Recidivism among Drug-Involved Offenders Melody M. Heaps, President TASC (Treatment Alternatives for Safe Communities) Chicago, Illinois Presented at the Recovery Symposium Philadelphia, Pennsylvania May 2, 2008

2. THE ABOMINATION • The U.S. has less than 5% of the world’s population, but our incarcerated population makes up almost 25% of the world’s incarcerated population • An African-American child born today has an estimated 33% chance of being under the jurisdiction of the criminal justice system some time in his or her life • More than 3 times as many African Americans live in prison cells as in college dorms

3. Crisis: Incarcerating Addiction • The solution = a “No Entry” approach to incarceration for drug-involved offenders • Prevents or provides early intervention • Provides treatment alternatives to incarceration • Provides a recovery-oriented system of care

4. Crisis: Incarcerating Addiction • The prevalence of people with substance use disorders involved in the criminal justice system is exponentially higher than in the general population (BJS: Harrison & Beck, 2006; Mumola & Karberg, 2006; Karberg & James, 2005 / SAMHSA, 2007)

5. Crisis: Incarcerating Addiction • Across the nation… • 41% of state prisoners in 2004 were behind bars for non-violent drug or property offenses = 515,000 people • 59% of federal prisoners in 2006 were behind bars for non-violent drug or property offenses = 103,766 people • TOTAL = 618,766 people (BJS: Sabol, Couture, & Harrison, 2007)

6. Crisis: Incarcerating Addiction • 700,000 people released from prison each year • Within 3 years of release… • 68% rearrested • 52% returned to prison (BJS: Sabol & Harrison, 2007; BJS: Langan & Levin, 2002 / PDOC, 2006 / IDOC, 2005)

7. Recovery-Oriented System of Care • Recovery-Oriented System of Care (ROSC)is the most effective approach to addressing the crisis of incarcerating addiction • Without a mechanism and/or infrastructure to manage the implementation of a ROSC in criminal justice populations in a systemic, widespread manner, significant progress will not occur

8. Recovery-Oriented System of Care • Recovery management within a ROSC means treating addiction as a lifelong process, shifting focus of care from… • episodes of acute care / treatment, to • symptom stabilization, to • client-directed management of lifelong recovery

9. Recovery-Oriented System of Care • One episode of treatment (the norm, if any treatment at all)… • only represents the acute-care phase • can occur more than once • must be integrated into a larger system of care

10. Recovery-Oriented System of Care • Recovery management within a ROSC combines traditional acute-care treatment with: • Pre-recovery support services to enhance treatment readiness • In-treatment recovery support services to enhance the strength and stability of recovery initiation • Post-treatment recovery support services to enhance the durability and quality of recovery maintenance

11. Recovery-Oriented System of Care • A continuum of caresupports ongoing recovery within a ROSC • Critical elements of a continuum of care: • Acute care / treatment • Symptom abatement / ongoing counseling • Employment • Education / job training • Family connection and support • Housing • Life management

12. Recovery-Oriented System of Care • Challenge of ROSC is creating a system in which recovery management is possible • It must be organized in the broadest possible scale • Treatment programs, community programs, and public systems must be working in concert

13. Recovery-Oriented System of Care • There needs to be a mechanism and/or infrastructure to manage recovery management for the system = • TASC • Facilitates mandated reporting to public systems • Manages clients’ movement through stages of recovery, from acute care to recovery in the community

14. A Model for ROSC: Sheridan Reentry Prison • 46% of Illinois prisoners in 2005 were behind bars for non-violent drug or property offenses = 20,541 people (IDOC, 2005)

15. A Model for ROSC: Sheridan Reentry Prison • Specialty drug treatment prison in Illinois • Approximately 950 beds, expanding at Sheridan and in other facilities (SWICC) • Designed to treat prisoner substance abuse and reduce recidivism • Offers continuous substance abuse treatment and supportive services throughout the prison stay and after release

16. A Model for ROSC: Sheridan Reentry Prison • Continuum of services • In-facility treatment (therapeutic community) • Peer support • Clinical reentry planning and case management (TASC) • Parole supervision

17. A Model for ROSC: Sheridan Reentry Prison • The Sheridan model relies on the availability of recovery management support services following release • Halfway houses • Treatment • Employment • Relationships with family and friends • Job training / education • Transportation

18. A Model for ROSC: Sheridan Reentry Prison • Recovery-management supportive services are undergirded by clinical case management throughout the recovery process (TASC)

19. A Model for ROSC: Sheridan Reentry Prison (Olson, Rapp, Powers, & Karr, 2007)

20. Thank you! Contact: Melody Heaps, President TASC, Inc. mheaps@tasc-il.org

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