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Sources and Citations

Sources and Citations. Reliability of Sources. Reliable or Questionable?. Official government websites (. gov ) Blogs Web forums YouTube Wikipedia Textbooks Individual or business websites Peer -reviewed journals N ews sources Universities or Educational Institution sites (. edu ).

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Sources and Citations

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  1. Sources and Citations

  2. Reliability of Sources

  3. Reliable or Questionable? • Official government websites (.gov) • Blogs • Web forums • YouTube • Wikipedia • Textbooks • Individual or business websites • Peer-reviewed journals • News sources • Universities or Educational Institution sites (.edu)

  4. What citation style does History most commonly use?

  5. Chicago Manual Style

  6. Chicago Manual Style • Citation Appears in Two Places: Chicago requires that you cite sources consulted in the body of your paper (“in-text citations” or footnotes/endnotes) and in the bibliography.

  7. Why Cite? When Cite? • You need to cite all sources that you have consulted, even if you present the ideas from these sources in your own words. • Summarizing, paraphrasing and direct quotations

  8. Footnotes/Endnotes • Wherever you incorporate another person’s words, facts, or ideas, insert a footnote or endnote. • Footnotes are numbered citations listed at the bottom of each page within your paper. • Endnotes are numbered citations listed on a separate page at the end of the research paper (before the bibliography). • Short form notesmay be used if all sources are included in the bibliography • The information and proper format needed in the footnotes/endnotes are included in your handout or can be found online. • Online citation machines?

  9. Footnotes/Endnotes • Ibid • If you cite the exact same resource multiple times, one immediately after the other, you can replace the normal note format with ‘Ibid’ and the page number/s. • Example: Ibid., 121.

  10. Bibliography • The bibliography appears at the end of your paper – it is a list of all sources cited within your paper. • List entries in alphabetical order according to the authors’ last names. If no author is provided, then use the title instead. • Single space each entry in the bibliography and double space between entries. • Indent the second and subsequent lines of the entry (tab once to indent). • Separate Primary and Secondary sources

  11. Formatting • Title Page • Spacing • Page numbers • Italics / Quotations

  12. Title Page • Include the title, author, teacher’s name and date • The title should be centered a third of the way down the page.Your name, the date and teacher’s name should follow several lines later • Do not include a page number on the title page • What is the purpose of a title?

  13. Spacing • Double-space the body of the paper. 12 point font, Times New Roman, 1 inch margins. • Single space footnotes/endnotes • Single space bibliographies, leaving a blank line between entries.

  14. Page Numbers • Every page of your paper must be assigned a page number, except the title page. • Insert page numbers on the far right at the top of the page.

  15. Italics and Quotations • Italics: Titles of books and journals in the body of the paper should be in italics. • Quotations: Articles, chapters and poems etc should be in quotation marks.

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