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WELCOME

WELCOME. TECHNICAL WORK SHOP. ON WATER MANAGEMENT. ON 25.02.2004 By. District Water Management Agency West Godavari District. NEERU-MEERU. Cost Effective Water Harvesting Structures. for effective conservation of surplus runoff. FOUR WATER CONCEPT OF

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WELCOME

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  1. WELCOME TECHNICAL WORK SHOP ON WATER MANAGEMENT ON 25.02.2004 By District Water Management Agency West Godavari District

  2. NEERU-MEERU Cost Effective Water Harvesting Structures for effective conservation of surplus runoff

  3. FOUR WATER CONCEPT OF Dr. T. Hanumantha Rao • Conservation of • Rain Water • Surface Water • Soil Water (Moisture) • Ground Water • Integration of the four Waters required for efficient use and effective sustainable management of water resources.

  4. FOUR WATER CONCEPT – COST EFFECTIVE STRUCTURES • MINI PERCOLATION TANKS NEAR RIDGES, GULLYS. • BOUNDARY BUNDS AND CONTOUR BUNDS TECHNOLOGY. • SUNKEN PITS IN SERIES IN GULLEYS. • DIVERSION STRUCTURES IN STREAMS (LOW COST). • SUB SURFACE DAMS • TRENCHES ALROUND HILLOCKS, MOUNDS(CONTOUR) CCTs, GULLY CROSSINGS, MINI PERCOLATION TANKS. • TANKS, LIVE STORAGE, SEDIMENTATION TRANSPORT-SUPPLY CHANNELS. • PLOUGHING ACROSS SLOPES. • CIRCULAR DUG WELLS. • RECHARGE OF DRIEDUP OPEN WELLS • COVER CROPS. • ALLEY FARMING. • TREES IN RIDGE BORDERS, WASTE LANDS, FORESTS. • TREES IN FIELD BUNDS (DEEP ROOTED, NON INTERFERENCE WITH CROPS).

  5. What is cost effective structures ? • Low Cost • Easy to understand by the man. • Less Cost per cubic meter of Storage Area. • These structures are site specific.

  6. Watershed Area

  7. Activities suggested by Dr. T Hanumantha Rao • Contour staggered trenches on the hillocks and CCT at the foot of the hillock strictly. • Three tier system of afforestation. • Contour/boundary bunds in arable land. • Cover crop wherever feasible. • Plantation of trees along the boundary bunds • Agave plantation of stabilize gully bed and embankments. • Agro forestry including block plantation and shelter belts. • Pasture and Silvi pasture development. • It is a mandatory to construct a pond at the starting of the gully. • Construction of about 40 Mini Percolation ponds in recharge area across first and second order of gullies per Watershed

  8. Construction of earthen dams or PT across 2nd and 3rd order of stream instead of masonry check dam. • Construction of sunken pits in 1st and 2nd order of gullies down stream of MP tank instead of LBCs & RFDs. • Farm pond at lower part of the field to store run off from that field. • Construction of diversion anicut with rough stone across the main stream for gravitational flow irrigation. • Recharge of dry wells. • Construction of sub surface dam across the main stream at the outlet. • Repairs of breached tanks and desilting in live storage of the tank under Neeru-Meeru programme.

  9. CHECK DAMS

  10. CHECK DAMS

  11. CHECK DAM AT ANKANNAGUDEM OF JEELUGUMILLI MANDAL VALUE WORK Rs. 3.95 LAKHS

  12. CHECK DAM AT MARKANDEYAPURAM OF JANGAREDDYGUDEM MANDAL VALUE OF WORK 2.25 LAKHS

  13. MINI PERCOLATION TANKS Mini Percolation tank is an earthen embankment to store the runoff for increasing the recharge into ground water. • PURPOSE : • To store runoff water in sloping lands.   • To increase the recharge.   • To increase the irrigated area.  • SUITABLE LOCATION : • Valley that is narrow and deep at the site and broadens into a large basin upstream   • Soil permits percolation.   • Saucer shaped site with maximum storage capacity with least investment.   • Having existing wells and scope for new wells. • COST EFFECTIVENESS : • Cost per cubic meter is very less i.e., Rs. 10 to Rs. 14 only • Rs. 5-10,000 per each MPT

  14. MINI PERCOLATION TANK MINI PERCOLATION TANK IN ANKANNAGUDEM OF JEELUGUMILLI MANDAL VALUE OF WORK : 0.10 LAKH(UNDER RICE COMPONENT) SUFFICIENT TO IRRIGATE 5 AC OF DRY CROP LIKE MAIZE

  15. MINI PERCOLATION TANK SERIES OF MINI PERCOLATION TANKS AT GANGAVARAM KOYYALAGUDEM MANDAL VALUE OF WORK : Rs. 0.10 LAKHS (FOR EACH MPT)

  16. CONTINUOUS CONTOUR TRENCHES It is a trench dug across the sloped hills (along the contour) to hold and retain water and to increase the moisture availability for the plant growth. PURPOSE :  • Safe disposal of water discharge of sloped lands.   • To reduce soil erosion along the slopes.   • To increase the moisture holding capacity of soil.  SUITABLE LOCATION :   • Suitable for areas with low rainfall.   • Can be used in medium rainfall areas with adequate provision for disposal of excess water.   • The CCT can be used in heavy rainfall areas on the foothill supported by staggered trenching on the upstream sides. COST EFFECTIVENESS : • Cost per cubic meter is less i.e., Rs. 16 only.  

  17. CCT WORK AT IS RAGAHAVAPURAM ., DTIRUMULA MANDAL

  18. CONTINUOUS CONTOUR TRENCHES CONTOUR TRENCH AT GANGAVARAM OF KOYYALAGUDEM MANDALValue of work Rs. 2.00 Lakhs (13000 Mtr.)

  19. CONTOUR TRENCHES AT CHEGONDAPALLI OF POLAVARAM MANDAL VALUE OF WORK : Rs. 2.00 LAKHS (12000 Cum.)

  20. CONTOUR BUND Contour bund is a narrow trapezoidal embankment (bund) on contours to impound runoff water behind them so that all the impounded water is absorbed gradually into the soil profile for crop use. PURPOSE :  • To serve as a soil conservation measure.   • To act as a water harvesting measure.  SUITABLE LOCATION :   • Low rainfall areas   • Permeable soils.   • Not recommended for soils with poor internal drainage. COST EFFECTIVENESS::   • Low cost per cubic meter i.e., Rs. 10 to Rs. 14 only.

  21. CONTOUR BUND

  22. CONTOUR BUND

  23. SUNKEN PITS • Sunken pits are mainly to recharge the ground water. • These are to be dug in series in the order and 2nd order gullies. • The depth could be 0.9m to 1.5m depending on the inflow. • The inlet side slope is to be stone pitched. • It is mandatory to construct a mini percolation tank immediate upstream of the series of pits. • Sunken pits should not be executed in the gullies where sand is exposed. • Facilitates maximum recharge to ground water and minimum out flow at tail end of the gully. • These are cost effective structures.

  24. SUNKEN PIT

  25. DESILTING OF TANKS Excavation and transportation of silt deposited in the tanks to increase the percolation rate and increase the capacity of tanks. PURPOSE :  • To increase the percolation rate.   • To decrease the evaporation from water surface of tank.   • To restore the tank.   • To increase the live storage which is affected by siltation.  SUITABLE LOCATION : • In the tank bed.   • Parallel to bund at a distance of 5H(H is height of bund). COST EFFECTIVENESS :   • Cost per cubic meter is Rs. 14 only.  

  26. Desilting of Tanks Cholam Cheruvu at Kamsalipalem of Nidadavole Mandal Value of work done Rs.1.57 ldakhs

  27. RECHARGE THROUGH DRIED UP WELLS On account of large number of deep bore wells most of the dug wells have dried up. There is a scope to receive the recuperation of those wells recharging the ground water by various measures - one of the measures to directly recharge those wells. COST EFFECTIVENESS: • Cost per cubic meter is very very less i.e., Rs. 1 to Rs 2 only.

  28. CROSS SECTION

  29. Recharge of Dried up open well at Mattamgudem Value of work done Rs.475/-

  30. RECHARGE OF DRIEDUP OPEN WELL IN PATHACHINTALAPUDI OF CHINTALAPUDI MAND VALUE OF WORK Rs. 0.006 LAKH SOAK PITS

  31. DIVERSION WEIRS DIVERSION WEIRS in Sankuchakrapuram OF CHINTALAPUDI MANDAL VALUE OF WORK Rs. 4.00 LAKH

  32. GABION STRUCTURES Gabion Check Dam is normally a gully control structure. It is a rock fill dam enclosed in wire network (Chain link) of 10 – 15 cm squares or diagonals. These Gabion Check dam with central wall are most economical when compared to masonry checkdams.

  33. GABION STRUCTURE

  34. SUB SURFACE DYKES • Subsurface dams are highly cost effective since they facilitate retention of ground water and usage of the same within the watershed. • This work will have to be executed at a suitable place on the down stream side of the watershed. • Geo physical surveys will have to be conducted to determine the exact location.

  35. SUB SURFACE DYKE

  36. ROCK FILL DAM (RFD) An embankment constructed across a waterway using variable sizes of stones. It is a permeable structure of semi-permanent nature. PURPOSE :  • For gully control - to slow down the velocity of runoff and to allow settlement of sediment before it leaves for the downstream reach.   • Reclamation of broad and shallow gullies for agricultural purpose.   • To stabilise active gullies by encouraging vegetative growth by creating favourable moisture situation with impounding water. SUITABLE LOCATION :   • Where loose boulders are cheaply and locally available.   • Middle reaches of gully (Gullies are not wider than 10 m)   • Where gully banks are firm.

  37. Rock Fill Dam

  38. Thank You Visit us at: www.neerumeeru.westgodavari.org

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