The New Republic

1. The New Republic Washington Adams Administrations 1789-1800

2. List 5 key understandings for each of the following: • Federalist Papers • Judiciary Act of 1789 • Hamilton’s report on public credit Hamilton’s report on manufactures • First Bank of the United States • Bill of Rights

3. Quiz Washington’s Admin List 5 key understandings for each of the following: • Assumption • Citizen Genet • Jay’s Treaty • Elastic Clause • Pinckney Treaty • Farwell Address

4. Alexander Hamilton 1757-1804 • Genius/intellectual • Surrogate son of Washington • Worked as adjutant during Revolution • Strong advocate of Federal Constitution • Writes Federalist Papers with Madison and Jay • Publious

5. Alexander Hamilton 1757-1804 • Federalist Papers- a series of essays and articles written to persuade and create support for the new Federal Constitution. • Written under a pseudonym Publius, really by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay • Assumption • Bank of the United States

6. Alexander Hamilton 1757-1804 Major Accomplishments Advocated for Assumption: • The Federal Government takes over the debts of the revolution and the states in order to create a strong financial program for the government and strengthen credit worthiness of the government as a whole. • The Capital of the Fed GOV= Virginia= Washington DC • Created the first Bank of the United States- using the concept of the Elastic Clause of the Constitution – • See Article I section 8

7. Economic Philosophy • Report on Public Credit (1790) • Plan to shape fiscal policies of the administration to favor wealthier groups • In return, the wealthy would lend the gov't monetary & moral support • Prosperity would trickle down to the masses • Report on Manufactures (1791) • Advocated promotion of a factory system in U.S. so the nation could exploit its national resources and strengthen capitalism. • Was the basis for the tariff component in his financial plan.

8. Federalist Agenda • Strong National Government • Support in the Northeast and trading centers both North and South • Pro-British -Anti-French • Commercial strength (trade) • Manufacturing protection- tariff to support trade • Advocated strong economic health • Fund public debt from revolution • Certificates- issue of speculators buying them in anticipation of government purchase • Assume state debts- Assumption plan- in exchange for national capital in the south • (Washington D. C.) • National Bank • To create stable center for banks • Offer business loans • Create order to the finances of government/taxes and spending • Taxes to build economic strength (debt) • Sale of Western land • Whiskey tax • Import taxes • Subsidiary strategy: to align wealthy elites to support the new government • Debt the government being in debt was OK for Hamilton

9. James Madison- • architect of the Constitution- • Federalist first then Republican- • Father of the Constitution • Wrote the Bill of Rights

10. Judiciary Act of 1789 • Establishes the federal court system Organized the Supreme Court with a chief justice(John Jay) and five associates • Organized federal district and circuit courts. • Established the office of attorney general. • Courts will interpret the constitution = can overturn laws made by states or the Congress

11. Republican Agenda 1790’s

12. Domestic issues Executive Departments Established : War, State, Treasury, Attorney General Cabinet Assumption B.U.S. US capitol at Washington DC Report on Public Credit 1790 Report on Manufactures 1791 Judiciary Act 1789 Whiskey Tax, 1791 Battle of Fallen Timbers, 1794 Farewell Address, 1796 Foreign Policy Neutrality Proclamation, 1793 Citizen Genet Jay Treaty, 1794 Pinckney Treaty, 1795 Washington Administration 1789-1796

13. Battle of Fallen Timbers • 1794 • General “Mad” Anthony Wayne • Indian battle Americans beat the Indians (a group of tribes, supplied and aided by British forts in the area) • Major victory for Americans • Reduced Indian resistance to American settlers. • Treaty of Grenville signed • Native Americans turned over to the United States large parts of modern-day Ohio, the future site of Chicago, and the Fort Detroit area.

14. Washington Administration • Executive Cabinet • Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 • Proclaimed U.S. neutrality toward the war between Britain and France • Warned citizens to be impartial to both Britain & France • Whiskey Rebellion, 1794 • Eastern Pennsylvania farmers organize and protest whiskey tax and Washington mobilizes 15,000 militia to confront, ends peacefully • Significance: Washington asserts power of Federal government • Reminiscent of pre-revolution actions of Brits, Lexington… • Citizen Genet (French Diplomat-caused complaint from Washington)

15. Washington Administration • Jay Treaty with British, 1794 • British and French at war again • Americans want to stay out of war • Brits had been seizing American property • Bad treaty for Americans- • Brink of War, the federalist need to appease British. • Complaints of seizing US ships, seamen, and inciting Indians on the frontier • Jay concludes a treaty that prevents war but Americans must pay Revolutionary debts • British agree to pay for seizure of US property and promise to leave the forts in the Ohio area. • Pinckney Treaty with Spain, 1795 • Negotiated a settlement Americans to navigate/transport goods down the Mississippi to New Orleans • Significance: Americans get another recognition of American claims and sovereignty over territory

16. Madison on Partisanship • “The public good is disregarded in conflicts of rival parties. • And measure are too often decided not according to the rules and justice and the rights of the minor party but by the superior force of an interested and overbearing majority”

17. Washington Administration • Farewell Address, 1796 Advice to country (only served 2 terms) • Beware of partisanship (political party infighting • Observe good faith in government • Avoid international alliances • Support public credit/finances

18. Domestic Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798 Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, 1798 Judiciary Act 1801 “Midnight Judges” Foreign Policy XYZ Affair, 1797 Quasi War 1798 Barbary Pirates Adams Administration 1796-1800

19. Adams Administration 1796-1800 • XYZ Affair, 1797- • Problems with French, during the French Revolution, French Navy was seizing American ships • French Ministers- “XY and Z” asked for bribes in relation to receiving American Ambassadors • Adams informed Congress • Quasi War 1798 • Hostility on part of US toward French not quite a war. • Congress, Boycott of French trade followed • Support for Navy increases in Congress • Later American-Franco relations improve with Napoleon

20. Adams and limits Aliens and First Amendment Rights- (really about political infighting) • Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798 • Alien Act- limited immigration and provided for deportation of immigrants • Aimed at French immigrants, who supported the Republicans • Never deported people • Caused the Republicans to attack the law

21. Adams and the Barbary Pirates • Barbary Pirates- 1794- Algeria • Pirates seize American ships, cause Congress to support development of Navy • Navy Appropriations

22. Adams and Sedition • Adams and Federalist push for laws regarding libel and sedition • Partisan=political party • People who opposed measures of the government – Print, wrote, spoke, or • False or scandalous/malicious writings could be prosecuted. • Criticism of Government could be punished • Some Republican publishers are arrested.

23. Virginia/Kentucky Resolutions • Republicans response from Madison and Jefferson- sponsor attacks on the Alien/Sedition Acts • Resolutions from the state legislatures of Kentucky and Virginia • Said the Alien/Sedition laws were unconstitutional • Resolutions were meant to attack Federalists abuse of power • Represent the concept that states have the right to make NULL (consider VOID) acts if Congress that the states consider unconstitutional= Nullification

24. Southern Cotton Economy • Eli Whitney- invented the • Cotton Gin- made production of cotton easier and increased production • Led to the expansion of cotton industry in the south • Textile industry will develop in the North

25. Election 1800

26. Election of 1800 • Adams Vs. Jefferson • Hamilton splits the Federalist votes by advocating for Pinckney- • Two leading candidates: Jefferson and Burr each had- 73 votes • Election was decided by the House of Reps- see Constitution Article II section 1 • Hamilton persuades reps to vote for Jefferson • Jefferson is the Third President of the United States