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Fire Detection with the ATSR-2 Sensor

Fire Detection with the ATSR-2 Sensor. By Kurt Fischer ME 449. Table of Contents. 1) Introduction 2) Background on thermal radiance 3) Background on fire radiance 4) How the ATSR senses fires 5) Summary. Introduction.

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Fire Detection with the ATSR-2 Sensor

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  1. Fire Detection with the ATSR-2 Sensor By Kurt Fischer ME 449

  2. Table of Contents 1) Introduction 2) Background on thermal radiance 3) Background on fire radiance 4) How the ATSR senses fires 5) Summary

  3. Introduction • Objective: To provide a concise explanation on how the ATSR-2 sensor, on the ERS-2 satellite, detects fires. • Rational: This was done in order to achieve a better understanding in the interpretation of the ATSR data using the Voyager browser program. • This collection of information was gathered from internet research that focused on NASA’s remote sensing tutorial web site , and the European Space Agency’s web site concerning the ATSR World Fire Atlas.

  4. Thermal Radiance Background • Objects of different temperature radiate different wavelength bands • These different bands have different maximum relative intensities • When the temperatures differ by ~500*C, these maximum relative intensities differ by an order of magnitude • This large difference allows fires to standout from the background See http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/sect9/sect9_2.html

  5. Fire Radiance Background • A fire’s temperature can range from 400 K to 1000 K • The respective maximum relative intensity occurs ~2-5μm • This gives the optimum wavelength to use in order to see the fire • The channel that is used on the ATSR-2 to detect fires is at 3.7μm

  6. Satellite Sensing of Fires Here is an example of two signals that would saturate the sensor • The satellite first views a pixel (~1km2) using the channel at 3.7 μm • It makes a record of the fire when a signal saturates the sensor • The signal’s intensity must be high enough in order for saturation to occur • Intensity is a function of temperature and area • Saturation first occurs at around 320 K (given a large enough area) • Must be done at night to avoid solar reflectance which would cause artefact signals • Clouds will block the signal from fires See http://esapub.esrin.esa.it/eoq/eoq50/arino50.htm

  7. Summary Be more specific!! Fires can be detected because of their higher temperature (400-1000K????) relative to it’s surroundings. The high temperature radiates a wavelength band with a maximum relative intensity occurring at a 3-5 um??? unique wavelength. The sensor, which is tuned to 3-5 um???, can detect fires because the radiance is much greater than that of the background. The sensor has limitations include: - solar glare fires can only be detected at night occur at night because solar reflectance will cause false signals and - cities, - clouds will block the sensor from seeing the fire. - non-fire signal ???

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