A Presentation on the Immune System and Effects of the Active Ingredients in Immunitize

1. A Presentation on the Immune System and Effects of the Active Ingredients in Immunitize by Richard G. Urso, M.D., A Member of the Vollara Medical & Scientific Advisory Board November 1, 2009

2. The Immune System • A finely conducted orchestra, with specialized body tissues and • organs create an elaborate symphony of defense against infection. • Composed of millions of cells circulating throughout the body on patrol to protect the body. • Defends the body against harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, toxins, fungus and parasites. • Recognizes and attempts to destroy anything that is foreign to our normal cells and tissues.

3. Challenges For Your Immune System • Fast-paced lifestyle • stress, unhealthy eating habits, lack of exercise and insufficient sleep •   Globalization • more traveling and increased interactions between people of various cultures •    Toxic pollution – air, water, chemicals •    Potential antigens – medications, pollen, dander •    Diseases – spreading with increasing pace •    Bacterial and Viral mutations

4. The Immune System & the Active Ingredients in Immunitize™ The active ingredients in Immunitize™ have been shown to regulate all of these factors resulting in a more powerful innate immune response. The following factors play a vital role in the human defense mechanism: NF-kappa B Dendritic cells Cytokines, chemokines and prostaglandins T-cells, B-cells and monocytes Macrophages These active ingredients have been shown to work with all of these factors while favoring innate immune response.

5. Stimulates Immune Cells in Intestinal Tract Active ingredients pass into the small intestine and passes by the Peyer’s Patches • Peyer’s Patches are lymph folicles which detect antigens in the intestine

6. Multiple Immune Organs Activated • Macrophages travel to the immune organs via the lymphatic system Adapted from National Cancer Institute

7. Overview of Factors Regulated by the Active Ingredient in Immunitize • General Immune Response • Signaling molecules and chemical messengers • Specific Immune Response • Physiological Effects

8. Immune Stimulation by Active Ingredients in Immunitize • Mimics a microbe-rich environment lacking in the modern world •   Non-specific immune stimulation on a general level • Stimulates “early warning system” of epithelial tissues in the gut • Allows immune system to determine appropriate type of response •    Increases macrophage activity which indicates a more balanced immune response versus antibody activity •    Immune system stimulation effects are more pronounced with aging

9. The Immune System has two lines of defense: Innate and Adaptive The Innate Immune System is your body’s first line of defense. It provides immediate and non-specific protection by identifying foreign molecular patterns and removing them from organs, tissues, blood and lymph. The Adaptive Immune System is a more specialized network of cells that have the ability to recognize specific structures and develop memory cells to quickly destroy them in future attacks.

10. Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems • rely on the help of: • NK (“Natural Killer”) Cells – a major component of the innate immune system, they kill adverse foreign matter without any direction from other cells • ·   Th (“Helper T”) Cells – crucial to the adaptive immune system by identifying invaders and marking them to be destroyed by other immune cells • ·    Macrophage Activation – macrophage (“Big Eater”) cells are present in both innate and adaptive immune systems, they engulf and digest microorganisms

11. Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems • rely on the help of: • Cytokines & Chemokines – chemical messengers which direct the activity of the immune system • Antibodies – immunoglobulin proteins produced by lymphocytes and released into the blood stream in response to foreign antigens • Interferon – chemical messenger produced by the immune system to inhibit viral replication

12. Innate Immune System Adaptive Immune System Response Time Short (seconds to hours) Slow (days to weeks) Specificity Recognizes molecular patterns Recognizes specific structures Development over Time Same with each encounter Improves with each encounter Innate and Adaptive Immune System Comparison

13. The Immune Army The adaptive immune response is essential, primarily because some viruses and bacteria will make it past the body’s nonspecific line of defense. These invaders will then encounter the body’s specific adaptive immune agents. These specialty trained agents have specific strategies for attacking invaders such as bacteria and viruses that they have encountered before. Once developed, the strategic effect can be short term or life long. This is how vaccines become effective. A weakened (antigen) is presented to the immune system and the system develops a strategy to destroy the invader. A state of readiness or constant surveillance is created. This is how we avoid surprise attacks and prevent overwhelming our immune system army by these potentially lethal invaders.

14. Immunity Impacts Human Societies The importance of the adaptive immune response is best exemplified back in history when the Europeans and Africans came to the Americas. Europe, Africa and Asia had all domesticated large animals, numerous diseases had developed from these close encounters. For instance, small pox from cattle and influenza from pigs. American Indian populations were decimated by these microorganisms due to lack of readiness of the adaptive immune response. Jared Diamond, in his New York Times Bestseller, Guns, Germs, and Steel, sites this as one the major reasons European colonization was more successful in the Americas than in any other continent. One can only imagine what our society would be like today if the American Indians had a more prepared adaptive immune response system.

15. What is Immunitize and What Is In It? • Immunitize is a nutritional supplement. • Comprised of a unique combination of natural extracts and vitamins that supports your body’s natural defenses • The heart of Immunitize is ImmuXTTM , a patented, clinically-tested, all-natural, micro-algae complex supplement that is extracted from Arthrospira platensis. • Immunitize includes vitamin C and zinc to provide antioxidant activity and a proprietary blend of natural extracts historically used to support the immune system.

16. What is ImmuXTTM? ImmuXTTM , the key ingredient in ImmunitizeTM , is a patented micro-algae, all-natural extract that is derived from Arthrospira platensis, commonly known as Spirulina. For over 10 years, botanical extracts and known immune stimulation products were researched and tested by leading research scientists at a major U.S. institution. A patented Bioassay testing procedure was developed in order to determine which botanical extract had the greatest potential to support the activity of the innate immune system. During the research process, it was discovered that Arthrospira platensis had the strongest ability (at least 1,000 times greater) to balance and support the human immune system when compared to all other known natural immune stimulation extracts. Based upon these discoveries ImmuXTTM was created.

17. Additional Ingredients Vitamin C -supports the phagocytic and cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes and Natural Killer (NK) cells -involved in white blood cell production and the actions of macrophages and T-cells Zinc -helps regulate the activity of T lymphocytes, NK cells, and activity of CD4 cells -helps to stimulate lymphocyte function Elderberry fruit extract -contain natural antioxidants called flavonoids to protect the cells from free radical damage -contain anthocyanines which stimulate the immune system by boosting the production of cytokines Astragalus root extract -enhances the cytotoxicity and activity of NK cells and macrophages -increases T-cell activity

18. Additional Ingredients Echinacea extract -stimulates phagocytic activity of macrophages, thus keeping the immune system alert to any potential pathogens -scavenges free radicals Reishi mushroom -have antioxidant properties by eliminating hydroxyl free radicals -antiviral effect by inducing interferon production Aloe barbadensis -boost the production of T-lymphocyte cells -helps stimulate phagocytosis Larch tree arabinogalactans - stimulates NK cell cytotoxicity - increases the release of gamma interferon

19. Vollara believes in scientific research on all our products. Dr. Urso is a Member of our Medical Advisory Board and we commissioned him to provide a presentation on the immune system and the effects of the active ingredients contained in Immunitize. While Dr. Urso has conducted an analysis of the active ingredients in our product, he has not performed any scientific tests on Immunitize or its effect on the immune system. Dr. Richard Urso graduated from the University of Connecticut.  In medical school, Dr. Urso graduated with honors, was an Alpha Omega Alpha member and ranked number one in his class in both medicine and surgery.  He completed his ophthalmology residency at the University of Texas Southwestern in Dallas.  Dr. Urso then concluded his fellowship in Oculoplastics and Reconstructive Surgery at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston.  He has been on the faculty at the University of Texas Medical School at Houston in the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences for the past 12 years, teaching medical students and residents.  For 6 years, Dr. Urso was the leading ocular oncologist at MD Anderson Cancer Center. Dr. Urso is board certified by the American Board of Ophthalmology.  He is affiliated with the Harris County Medical Society, Texas Medical Association, and Texas Ophthalmic Association.  Dr. Urso has a patented drug treatment for delayed corneal wound healing and diabetic foot ulcers.  He has also written numerous articles and abstracts relating to a variety of topics in the field of ophthalmology.  With respect to his knowledge and talent, Dr. Urso is considered to be one of the country’s most prominent ocular trauma surgeons. His honors include Outstanding Teacher in Ophthalmology from UT Houston Medical School, Memorial Hermann Healthcare Hero Award, Dedication and Service Award from Harris County Fraternal Order of Police #39, and America’s Top Ophthalmologist in Oculoplastics, Reconstructive Surgery and Refractive Surgery.  Dr. Urso and his wife, Stacy are heavily involved with the West University Softball Association and Little League.  They have five wonderful children, Alessandra, Ellie, Catherine, Joey and Anthony. Dr. Urso is the brother of Vollara’s Chairman and CEO, Joseph P. Urso. Dr. Urso has appeared on television with Marvin Zindler on several occasions as “Marvin’s Angel” helping those in need