World History and Geography Midterm

1. World History and Geography Midterm

2. Man and Prehistory • The development of _________ was the major turning point in human history and significantly changed the way in which many people lived. This turning point is referred to as the _______________ Revolution. •  Writing; Paleolithic • Religion; Religiolithic • Language; Lingualithic • Agriculture; Neolithic

3. Man and Prehistory • The advancement of civilization is closely tied with advancements in _________.

4. Early Civilizations • The first known civilizations arose in _______: • Mesopotamia • India • China • Egypt

5. Early Civilizations • The most important creation of Sumerian culture was: • Geometry • Invented the plow • Writing • Basic surgery

6. Early Civilizations • All of the early civilizations shared all of the following characteristics except: • Writing and record keeping • Organized government and religion • Economy based on specialization/division of labor • Little use of agriculture

7. Rome • True or False: The Roman Republican government had a system of checks and balances that is similar to America's government.

8. Rome • Julius Caesar helped to bring and end to the Roman Republic; however, it was _________ who formally created the Roman Empire. • Octavian • Pompey • Crassus • Alexander

9. Ancient Greece • Socrates = ______; Plato = ______; Aristotle = ________. • Socratic Method; Wrote The Republic; Emphasis on reason and logic • Emphasis on reason and logic; Socratic Method; Wrote The Republic • Wrote The Republic; Emphasis on reason and logic; Socratic Method • Socratic Method; Emphasis on reason and logic; Wrote The Republic

10. Ancient Greece • The prosperity of Athens was due in large part to its stable and effective government. That government was the world’s first ________, a form of government run by the people. • City-state • Commune • Democracy • Monarchy

11. Ancient Greece • True or False: Alexander the Great's and the Roman Empires provided people with opportunity to share in both a common culture and identity.

12. Medieval Times • Charlemagne was important because he was be able to: • Increase the rights of women during the Early Middle Ages • Promote religious tolerance among the people he conquered • Lead several successful campaigns during the fourth Crusade • United Europe for the first time since the fall of Rome

13. Medieval Times • The challenges of the late Middle Ages led to the collapse of medieval society and the creation of a new movement/society in Italy known as the ______. • Awakening • Counter-reformation • Inquisition • Renaissance

14. Medieval Times • True or False: The reason why the clergy was so influential during the Middle Ages was because they served as the peoples’ main connection to the church.

15. Medieval Times • The goal of the Crusades was: • to show the pope’s political power • to force the Turks into Jerusalem • to take the Holy Land from Muslim control • to regain Constantinople as an important trade city

16. Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation • Which of the following was not a major effect of the Protestant Reformation? • Persecution and hysteria • Decrease of a sense of national identity • Religious warfare • Political instability

17. Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation • In the beginning of the Protestant Reformation, one of the largest criticisms was about the sale of ______ which decreased time a soul spent in purgatory. • Penances • Indulgences • Grievances • Purifications

18. Renaissance • ______ emphasized individual accomplishment and the capacity of people to create and achieve. • Humanists • Machiavelli • Martin Luther • The Catholic Church

19. Renaissance • During the Renaissance, rather than relying solely on the Church, ______ became an important avenue of inquiry about the natural world. • Art • Secular Literature • Philosophy • Science

20. Age of Exploration • Which of the following was not a reason why Europeans began exploring the world? • Renaissance spirit of discovery and innovation • Establish political allegiances with other nations • Explorers hoped to find new, faster routes to Asia to gain trade foothold • Explorers hoped to spread their faith into new lands

21. Age of Exploration • The contact between the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Asia led to the widespread exchange of plants, animals, and disease known as the ______. • Disc Exchange • Middle Passage Exchange • Columbian Exchange • New World Exchange

22. Age of Exploration • The Age of Exploration was made possible due to advances in _______________ and ____________________________.

23. Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment • ______ was a new way of thinking about the natural world that challenged traditional views and instead relied upon experimentation. • The Scientific Revolution • The Age of Exploration • The Protestant Reformation • The Columbian Exchange

24. Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment • True or False: Initially, the church feared reason as an enemy of faith, but eventually began to embrace some of the achievements of the Scientific Revolution.

25. Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment • True or False: During the Enlightenment writers and philosophers agreed with ideas long held as absolute truth and felt that reason could not solve all of society's problems.

26. English Civil War • The final result of the English Civil War was: • Charles I was forced to flee France until he was able to retake the throne • The Royalist forces were successful in defeating the Parliamentary forces • The war ended in a stalemate; however, reforms such as the English Bill of Rights came into effect. • Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector of England and established the Commonwealth

27. English Civil War • True or False: The English Bill of Rights and the Act of Settlement proved that after 500 years of fighting, Parliament had won the battle with the crown.

28. French Revolution • Which of the following was not a cause of the French Revolution? • England invading France • The worsening financial situation of the government • New ideas of the Enlightenment movement • Economic depression

29. French Revolution • The three main themes of the French Revolution were: _____________________, _____________________, and _____________________.

30. French Revolution • Which of the following was not an Enlightenment thinker that influenced the French Revolution? • Voltaire • John Locke • Montesquieu • Peter Griffin

31. French Revolution • The Congress of Vienna was composed of reactionaries. The reactionaries hoped to put a stop to ______: an influential political philosophy in the 1800s based on the ideals of the Enlightenment and democratic reforms of the French Revolution. • Absolutism • Liberalism • Enlightism • Communism