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India & Southeast Asia

India & Southeast Asia. The Vedic Age 1500-500 BCE. Aryas v.Dasas Varna Class Structure = Brahmin (Priests/Scholars) Kshatriya (Warriors) Vaishya (Merchants) Shudra (Peasant/Laborers) Untouchables (Demeaning work) Jati = Subdivision of the 4 main Varna (Caste)

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India & Southeast Asia

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  1. India & Southeast Asia

  2. The Vedic Age 1500-500 BCE • Aryasv.Dasas • Varna Class Structure = • Brahmin (Priests/Scholars) • Kshatriya (Warriors) • Vaishya(Merchants) • Shudra (Peasant/Laborers) • Untouchables (Demeaning work) • Jati = Subdivision of the 4 main Varna (Caste) • Rules (Jobs, duties, interaction among Jati groups) • Role of Women • Worship via sacrifice • Study, participate in rituals, own property

  3. Jainism, Buddhism & Hinduism • Jainism • Founded by Mahavira 540-468BCE • Nonviolence to all living things • Buddhism (563-483 BCE) • Founder: Siddhartha Gautama • The Four Noble Truths / Eightfold Path to Enlightenment • 2 Sects = Mahayana (new) & Theravada (old) • Hinduism ‘What the Indians Do’ • Reformed Vedic Religion • Devotion to the gods: Vishnu (North) or Shiva (South) & Devi (Goddess)=Creative/Destructive • Pilgrimage to holy sites/shrines • Dominant Regional Religion

  4. The Mauryan Empire 324-184 BCE • Formed from Kingdom of Magadha • Strategic Geographic Location • Agricultural & Iron Resources • Mauryan Government • Capitol: Pataliputra • Large Army • 25% Agricultural Tax • State Monopolies (mines, ships, weapons) • Notable Leaders • Founder: Chandragupta Maurya • Ashoka = Buddhism becomes state religion (Buddhist empire!) • Era (500 yrs) of Political Fragmentation • Greco-Bactrian influence (NW) • Literary Achievements (Sanskrit) • Merchants became religious patrons • 3 Tamil kingdoms = ‘Classical Period’

  5. The Gupta Empire 320-550 CE • Kingdom of Magadha-Chandra Gupta • Controlled Central & Northern India • Copied Mauryan Govt. Structure • Except: Weak military & theatre-state • Gupta Culture • Trade with SE Asia • Literacy / Mathematics Arabic numerals & concept of zero • Women = No right to own land, treated like Shudra, married young, social status determined treatment • Religion = Hinduism / Tolerant • Collapse = Military Spending (Huns) • Southern India Remained Independent • Warrior Kingdoms (Pallavas & Cholas)

  6. Southeast Asia 50-600CE • 3 Geographic Zones • Indochina Mainland • Malay Peninsula • Islands • Natural Resources & Agriculture • Fertile soil / Several Growing Seasons • Domestic Animals / Agricultural Products • Swidden = Slash & Burn agriculture • Migrations • Malay peoples from Southern China • First Major State = Funan • 1st thru 6th Century • Mekong Delta (Rice Bowl)

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