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Arrhenius Model of Acids and Bases

Arrhenius Model of Acids and Bases. Svante August Arrhenius (February 19, 1859 – October 2, 1927) Swedish chemist. Acid + Base  Water + Salt. Acids. Acids – something with Hydrogen that makes hydrogen ions in water. produce H + ions * (or hydronium ions H 3 O + )

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Arrhenius Model of Acids and Bases

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  1. Arrhenius Model ofAcids and Bases

  2. Svante August Arrhenius(February 19, 1859 – October 2, 1927) Swedish chemist

  3. Acid + Base  Water + Salt

  4. Acids Acids – something with Hydrogen that makes hydrogen ions in water. produce H+ ions *(or hydronium ions H3O+) HCl H+ + Cl-monoprotic H2SO4  2H+ + SO42-diprotic H3PO4  3H+ + PO43-triprotic

  5. Acid Strength Strong Acids – total dissociation HCl H+ + Cl- Weak Acids – partial dissociation HC2H3O2 ⇌ H+ + C2H3O2-

  6. Table K Strong Weak

  7. Bases Bases – something with an OH- group that makes hydroxide ions (OH-) in water NaOH Na+ + OH- Ca(OH)2  Ca2+ + 2OH- * alcohols are not bases (Table R) CH3OH (methanol)  Not a base!

  8. Base Strength Strong bases dissociate entirely into metal and hydroxide ion. Strong Bases – total dissociation NaOH Na+ + OH- Weak Bases – partial dissociation Mg(OH)2 ⇌ Mg2+ + 2OH-

  9. Table L Strong Weak

  10. Concentration vs Strength (molarity) (nature) Strong = dissociates Weak = doesn’t give as many ions in water

  11. Dissociation Constant (Ka) HCl H+ + Cl- Large Ka = strong acid Small Ka = weak acid

  12. Naming Acids

  13. Name the Acid: • HBr(aq) • H2CO3 • H2SO3 hydrobromic acid  carbonicacid  sulfurousacid

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