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Holocaust/Genocide Lecture Notes. Night. STANDARD 3.12. 3.12 Literary Criticism: Analyze the way in which a work of literature is related to the themes and issues of its historical period. (Historical approach). DO NOW: NIGHT/Genocide Unit.
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STANDARD 3.12 • 3.12 Literary Criticism: Analyze the way in which a work of literature is related to the themes and issues of its historical period. (Historical approach).
DO NOW: NIGHT/Genocide Unit • List and briefly explain everything you know about the Holocaust, World War II, Adolf Hitler, and everything you know about GENOCIDE in particular.
Genocide • Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction of an ethnic, racial, religious, or national group. • The term "genocide" was coined by Raphael Lemkin) • from the Greek root génos(family, tribe or race- gene); secondly from Latin-cide(—to massacre, kill).
Genocide • Ethnic Cleansing: the elimination of an unwanted ethnic group or groups from a society, as by genocide or forced emigration. This is just another term for GENOCIDE. • Holocaust:(from the Greek: holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt") • Shoah: "calamity,”—catastrophe, great big devastation.
World War II • Germany and the World at war from 1938 to 1945. • Russia, America, England and others—allies. • As Germany defeated countries in Europe, they began deporting all Jews from the countries to POLAND—where most of the death camps were located. • Germany was defeated in 1945. • Russia played a major role in the war—they lost over 25 million people fighting the Germans. • Russia marched into Berlin, the capital of Germany in 1945, and defeated the Germans. • As the Russians were fighting the war, they liberated-(freed) many concentration camps where the Jews were being killed.
Map of World • http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/world.htm • Lets look at Germany, Russia, Armenia, Turkey England, and Romania—the birthplace of Elie Wiesel
From Talat Pasha and the Armenians to Hitler and the Jews WWII 1939-1945 -- Between 1941-1945 Armenian Genocide—April 24, 1915
From the Ottoman Turks to the Nazi Germans Ottoman Turks Nazi Germans 1.5 Million Armenians 6 Million Jews Both countries combined are responsible for the murder, rape, and torture of over 7.5 Million men, women, and children.
From Hitler to SalothSar to Slobodan Milošević President of Yugoslavia-Responsible for killed hundreds of thousands of ethnic Albanians. He thought the Albanians were inferior and wanted a pure, ethnically clean Serbia for only pure Serbs. SalothSar-AKA Pol Pot, was responsible for the killing of over a million Cambodians in 1970s.
Milosovich to Pot Over 1 Million Cambodians Killed-1970s Serbs kill over 350,000 Albanians-1994 Over 500,000 Sudanese Murdered in Darfur- Happening NOW 2008
The Armenian Genocide • Starting in 1915, Turkey systematically murdered over 1.5 million Armenians. • The Armenian Genocide is remembered every year on April 24. • April 24, 1915 is when the Turks first started massacring the Armenians. • Reasons: Religious. • Armenians are Christians • Turks are Muslim. • Turkey wanted an all Muslim nation.
Death Marches • Death Marches of the Armenians. This would again be repeated with the Jews.
The Armenian Genocide (1915) • Adolf Hitler: “After all, who remembers the killings of the Armenians?”
Holocaust Terms • Concentration Camp, Any imprisonment camp for holding "enemies of Hitler’s Germany.” • The construction of concentration camps began almost immediately after Hitler gained power in Germany. • There were several kinds: labor camps, prison camps and death camps. • Most of the concentration and death camps were located in POLAND, the rest in Germany.
Holocaust Terms • Dachau: a concentration camp located in Germany. First experiment with gas chambers were undertaken. • Auschwitz: The largest of Nazi Germany'sconcentration camps. Located in Germany-occupied southern Poland, it took its name from the nearby town of Oświęcim (Auschwitz in German). • Belzec: Death Camp located in Poland. More than 600,000 Jews were gassed at Belzec between 1941 and 1943.
Trip to Concentration Camp • Show pictures and short video clip from Dachau
MUST KNOW VOCABULARY • HUTU: The majority ethnic group living in Rwanda. The Hutu planned and killed hundreds of thousands of Tutsi’s in 1994. • TUTSI-The minority ethnic group living in Rwanda. • Ottoman Empire-Also known as the Turkish Empire, the nation that destroyed 1.5 Million Armenians. • Final Solution-The system of exterminating Jews, developed by Adolf Hitler.
MUST KNOW VOCABULARY • CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY- Crimes, such as murder, rape, and torture, against a collective group of people that can occur in times of war and peace. “All that is needed for the triumph of evil is that good men do nothing!”
POEM- “First They Came for the Jews” • First They Came for the Jews • First they came for the Jewsand I did not speak outbecause I was not a Jew.Then they came for the Communistsand I did not speak outbecause I was not a Communist.Then they came for the trade unionistsand I did not speak outbecause I was not a trade unionist.Then they came for meand there was no one leftto speak out for me. • Pastor Martin Niemöller
First they came… • Bystander • Witness • Testimonial
Sonderkommando • Sonderkommandos/Capos were Jewish work units of Nazideath camp prisoners forced to aid the killing process during The Holocaust—Jews who worked inside the death camps. Their tasks including transporting victims of gassing to the ovens, cleaning the gas chambers of human excrement and blood, removal of gold from the teeth of the victims, shaving the heads of those going to the gas chambers.
Holocaust Terms===SKIP • Death Camps, or Killing Centers, a concentration camp the distinct purpose of which was the extermination of its inmates. Almost all of the German death camps were located in Poland: Auschwitz-Birkenau, Belzek, Chelmo, Madjanek, Sobibor, Treblinka. • Death Marches, At the end of the war when it became obvious that the German army was trapped between the Soviets to the east and the advancing Allied troops from the west, the Nazis, in an attempt to prevent the liberation of camp inmates, forced them to march westward. Thousands died in these marches.
Holocaust Terms • Deportation, the removal of people from their areas of residency for purposes of resettlement elsewhere. With regard to the Jews of Europe, deportation meant removal either to a ghetto or a concentration camp in preparation for yet another removal to an extermination center. • Trains—Cattle cars
Gestapo and the Nazi Commanders • Gestapo, the German internal security police - secret police. They terrorized the Jews. • SS, originally Hitler's elite guard.—the SS was in charge of the death camps.
