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JAMA Pediatrics Journal Club Slides: Cord Clamping, Iron Status, and Neurodevelopment

JAMA Pediatrics Journal Club Slides: Cord Clamping, Iron Status, and Neurodevelopment.

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JAMA Pediatrics Journal Club Slides: Cord Clamping, Iron Status, and Neurodevelopment

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  1. JAMA Pediatrics Journal Club Slides:Cord Clamping, Iron Status, and Neurodevelopment Andersson O, Domellöf M, Andersson D, Hellström-Westas L. Effect of delayed vs early umbilical cord clamping on iron status and neurodevelopment at age 12 months: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr. Published online April 21, 2014. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.4639.

  2. Introduction • Background • Prevention of iron deficiency in infancy may promote neurodevelopment. Delayed cord clamping (DCC) can prevent iron deficiency during the first 6 months of life. However, no data are available on long-term effects on infant outcomes in relation to time for umbilical cord clamping. • Study Objective • To investigate effects of DCC, as compared with early cord clamping (ECC), on infant iron status and neurodevelopment at age 12 months in a European setting.

  3. Methods • Study Design • Randomized clinical trial. • Setting • Swedish county hospital. • Participants • 382 Full-term infants born after a low-risk pregnancy.

  4. Methods • Outcomes • The main outcome was iron status at age 12 months (ferritin level, transferrin saturation, soluble transferrin receptor level, reticulocyte hemoglobin level, and mean cell volume). • The secondary outcome was parental assessment of neurodevelopment by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, second edition (ASQ). • Limitations • Sample size • The study was calculated to demonstrate a difference in ferritin levels at age 4 months. As no earlier studies on cord clamping had studied iron status and neurodevelopment at age 12 months, calculations on sample size for these outcomes could not be performed before commencement of the study. • Bias • Parents (who reported development by answering the ASQ) were blinded for the intervention.

  5. Results • In total, 347 of 382 infants (90.8%) were assessed. • The DCC and ECC groups did not differ in iron status or neurodevelopment at age 12 months. • Predictors of ferritin levels were infant sex and ferritin in umbilical cord blood. Predictors of ASQ score were infant sex and breastfeeding within 1 hour after birth. • For both outcomes, being a boy was associated with lower results. Interaction analysis showed that DCC was associated with an ASQ score 5 points higher among boys but 12 points lower among girls, out of a maximum of 300 points.

  6. Results Iron Status at Age 12 Months in Infants Randomized to Delayed or Early Umbilical Cord Clampinga

  7. Results Neurodevelopment at Age 12 Months, as Assessed by the ASQ, in Term-Born Infants Randomized to Delayed or Early Umbilical Cord Clampinga

  8. Comment • Iron stores at age 12 months • In this study, iron stores were assessed by different indicators of iron status: hemoglobin level, mean cell volume, reticulocyte hemoglobin level, ferritin level, transferrin saturation, and soluble transferrin receptor level. Even when comparing the levels of each one of these indicators, we could not demonstrate any differences in iron status between the DCC and ECC groups. • We found that ferritin in umbilical cord blood was a strong predictor of ferritin at 12 months.

  9. Comment • Neurodevelopment at age 12 months • We hypothesized that the improved iron status at age 4 months would promote infant neurodevelopment at age 12 months. • In the study, neither the total ASQ score nor the subscores of the different domains differed between the groups. Furthermore, we did not find any associations between iron status at birth or age 4 months and total ASQ score at age 12 months. • Interaction analysis showed that the effect of the intervention differed according to infant sex, as DCC seemed to lower the ASQ score in girls and increase the score in boys, a finding that prompts a more detailed follow-up of these children.

  10. Comment • In summary, although DCC improved hematological status in the newborn period and iron status at age 4 months, it did not affect iron status or neurodevelopment assessed by the ASQ at age 12 months. • Future research in this area should be directed at studying development at later ages and at assessing long-term effects of DCC on iron status and development in communities with higher rates of iron deficiency and anemia. • The possible reverse effect on girls’ and boys’ development might also be taken into account.

  11. Contact Information • If you have questions, please contact the corresponding author: • Ola Andersson, MD, PhD, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden (ola.andersson@kbh.uu.se). Funding/Support • This work was supported by grants from the Regional Scientific Council of Halland, common funds for development and research from the Southern Healthcare Region, H.R.H. Crown Princess Lovisa’s Society for Child Care, Uppsala University, and The Framework of Positive Scientific Culture, Hospital of Halland. Conflict of Interest Disclosures • None reported.

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