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The Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilization

The crowd goes wild when you and other players step onto the stone court. Only nobles like you can play. You wear your finest jewelry and a headdress made of bright parrot feathers.

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The Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilization

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  1. The crowd goes wild when you and other players step onto the stone court. Only nobles like you can play. You wear your finest jewelry and a headdress made of bright parrot feathers. Sometimes you play the game as a sport. At other times, like today, you play for religious reasons. In these special games, you and your fellow ballplayers act out an ancient battle between the gods of the day and the night. Today the stakes are high. The losing captain pays with his life. His blood ensures that the gods will continue to let the sun shine. Without the sun, the crops will die. Without food, the Mayan people will die too. To win, you and your teammates must shoot a rubber ball through a stone ring. But this isn’t easy. The ring hangs some 20 feet over your head. The solid rubber ball weighs over 5 pounds. And you can’t use your hands or your feet. You must hit the ball off padding on your hips, wrists, elbows, chest, or waist. You take a breath and start to play. After a really long time, your team finally takes control of the ball. As the ball flies your way, you drop to one knee and use your chest to force it through the stone ring. Victory is yours! Once again the Mayan people have cheated death. The blood of the defeated captain will keep the sun shining. You wonder, will the Maya always be so fortunate?

  2. The Maya, Aztec, and Inca Civilization G.R.A.P.E.S. Geography Religion Achievements Politics Economics Social Structure

  3. The Maya Geography • Guatemala and Yucatan Peninsula. • Hot, humid, dry, cool areas. Religion • Polytheistic, gods of war, rain and maize. • Calendar was used in religious ceremonies. • Important god was ItzamNá. • Made human sacrifices to the gods. • Believed they were created out of maize. Achievements • Terrace farming, irrigation, writing, number system, zero, pyramids, astronomy, calendar, built cities.

  4. The Maya Politics • Priest/Kings ruled their own cities. Economics • Based on farming, trade. Social Structure • Similar to the Olmec. • Nobles (king, priests, warriors), peasants (farmers), slaves (captured in war).

  5. The Aztec Geography • Valley of Mexico. • Land was mostly swampy but had some fertile land. • Valley was surrounded by mountains. • They lived on island in the middle of Lake Texcoco. Religion • Polytheistic, gods of agriculture, sun, war and rain. • Calendar was used to set religious ceremonies. • Important god was Huitzilopochtli. • War prisoners were sacrificed to the gods. Achievements • Chinampas farming, built cities, canals, bridges, roads, irrigation, picture writing, pyramids, astronomy, calendar. • Created a vast empire from central Mexico to Guatemala.

  6. The Aztec Politics • Ruled by an emperor considered a god. • Capital was Tenochtitlán. • Last emperor was Montezuma II. • Conquered by the Spanish led by Hernán Cortés, disease and other mesoamericans. Economics • Based on farming, trade, and tribute (forced payment) from conquered people. Social Structure • Nobles (Emperor, priests), intermediate class (merchants and artisans), commoners (farmers, fishers, craftspeople, soldiers, serfs), slaves. • Boys received formal education, girls were taught at home.

  7. The Inca Geography • Andes Mountains of Peru, western part South America. • Lake Titicaca. • Tropical rainforests, green and fertile valleys, dry, cool climates, and snow covered mountains. Religion • Polytheistic, gods of war, rain and maize. • Important god was Inti—god of the sun. • Made human sacrifices to the gods. • Sacrificed 11-15 year old girls. Achievements • Terrace farming, irrigation, extensive road network, temples, astronomy, calendar, built cities, used quipu to record events. • Created a 2,500 mile empire on the Andes Mountains. • Chasquis, or runners, would deliver messages across the empire. • Medical advances such blood transfusions, medicines, and brain surgery.

  8. The Inca Politics • Ruled by an emperor who was considered a god. • Capital is Cuzco. • Pachacuti was the greatest Inca ruler. • Last emperor was Atahualpa. • Conquered by the Spanish led by Francisco Pizarro, disease and other mesoamericans. Economics • Based on corn/potato farming and llama/alpaca grazing, trade, and tribute from conquered people. Social Structure • Inca ruler controlled everything. • Used the Quechua language. • Nobles and commoners (artisans, farmers, fishermen, soldiers).

  9. Maya, Aztec, Inca Thinking Map writing Maya human sacrifice used picture books used quipus Inca Aztec

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