Maintaining Academic Integrity

1. Maintaining Academic Integrity Steps to Avoid the Plagiarism Plague Created by Anne Reever Osborne, MALIS Asst. Library Director for Distance Learning Garland Library Tusculum College Anne Reever Osborne April 2012, Garland Library Tusculum College

2. Tusculum College Academic Misconduct “Plagiarism is a form of academic dishonesty. It consists of knowingly presenting in writing or in speech the intellectual or creative work of others as if it were one’s own.” (Tusculum College Catalog 2010-11, p. 27). Anne Reever Osborne April 2012, Garland Library Tusculum College

3. This includes: • Failing to identify direct quotations using appropriate symbols and source reference. (Tusculum, p. 27) • Restating an idea of another without reference to the source (Tusculum , p. 27) • Presenting a creative work without acknowledgment • Submitting purchased, borrowed or commissioned work as one’s own (Tusculum, p. 27) • “Knowingly permitting others to submit your work under their names” or copy your work during an exam. (Tusculum, p. 27) • “Copying the work of others during an exam or other academic exercise. ” (Tusculum, p. 27) Anne Reever Osborne April 2012, Garland Library Tusculum College

4. Quiz Question 1 • You receive an assignment for your class and find out that you can write your paper on a topic similar to the one you did for another class last semester. You will be able to use some of the same sources you used for the previous paper 3 months ago, but will have to change the focus for this assignment. Is this plagiarism? Anne Reever Osborne April 2012, Garland Library Tusculum College

5. Answer This is not plagiarism. Using the same sources to support the topic of a new paper does not constitute plagiarism. Anne Reever Osborne April 2012, Garland Library Tusculum College

6. Ways to Avoid PlagiarismReading and Notetaking • When taking notes indicate direct quotes from a source with a large “Q” or use big quote marks. • Add reference documentation to your note for easy referral. • Use colored pencils or highlighters to indicate difference between ideas from sources and your own insights. Anne Reever Osborne April 2012, Garland Library Tusculum College

7. Is this Plagiarism?: Quiz Question 2 • You have just been assigned a research paper in a required general education history class. Your roommate took the same class last semester with the same instructor and had the same topic that you have been assigned. She offers her paper (which she had received an A)for you to use to assist in writing yours. After reading through the paper you decide to add a couple references from a current newspaper article in your introduction but keep the rest of the paper the same, change the title of the paper and put your name on it. Is this plagiarism? Anne Reever Osborne April 2012, Garland Library Tusculum College

8. Answer Yes. • Even though the roommate offered the paper to assist in writing and some changes were made by you , she did not say you could turn the paper in as your own. You have “stolen” her ideas and research work and claimed it as your own. Even if she had said you could use her paper and put your name on it, it is still considered to be plagiarism since you “knowingly presented in writing the intellectual work of another as if it were yours.” Anne Reever Osborne April 2012, Garland Library Tusculum College

9. Quiz Question 3 • The following original work is referenced in the following paragraphs. Read it carefully, then compare the uses of the work in the sample paragraphs. Which one is plagiarized and why? Anne Reever Osborne April 2012, Garland Library Tusculum College

10. Original Source Material: An important characteristic of instructional-design theories is that they are design oriented (or goal oriented). This makes them very different from what most people usually think of as theories. Theories can be thought of as dealing with cause-and-effect relationships or with flows of events in natural processes, keeping in mind that those effects or events are almost always probabilistic (i.e., the cause increases the chances of the stated effect occurring) rather than deterministic (i.e., the cause always results in the stated effect). Source: Reigeluth, C. M. (1999). What is instructional design theory and how is it changing? In C. M. Reigeluth (ed.), Instructional-design theories and models volume II: A new paradigm of instructional theory, (pp. 1-29). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Anne Reever Osborne April 2012, Garland Library Tusculum College

11. Compare paragraphs A: Whether they are probabilistic (i.e., the cause increases the chances of the stated effect occurring) or they are deterministic (i.e., the cause always results in the stated effect), we can think of theories as dealing with cause-and-effect relationships or with flows of natural processes. References: Reigeluth, C.M. (1999). What is instructional design theory and how is it changing? In C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional-design theories and models volume II: A new paradigm of instructional theory, (pp. 1-29). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. B: Reigeluth (1999) states that we can think of theories "... as dealing with cause-and-effect relationships or with flows of events in natural processes," and goes on to say that they may be either "probabilistic (i.e., the cause increases the chances of the stated effect occurring) rather than deterministic (i.e., the cause always results in the stated effect)" (p. 7). References: Reigeluth, C. M. (1999). What is instructional design theory and how is it changing? In C. M. Reigeluth (ed.), Instructional-design theories and models volume II: A new paradigm of instructional theory, (pp. 1-29). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Which is an example of plagiarism? Anne Reever Osborne April 2012, Garland Library Tusculum College

12. Correct Answer: A • Explanation: Example A of student written work is plagiarized. The student re-organized the original material, and inserted portions of the material in different places within the new paper, but it is still word-for-word plagiarism. Although the work was cited in the references, no credit was given to the author of the text and quotation marks were not used. Paragraph B is the correct way to use a source by indicating direct quotes with quotation marks, including the author and date before the quote, citing the page number of the quote and also including author in the references. Anne Reever Osborne April 2012, Garland Library Tusculum College

13. Ways to Avoid Plagiarism: Paraphrasing or Summaries • Use statement such as “According to…” to credit a source. • Try to write out the information you read only from your memory and notes. • Check your paraphrase with the original and use quotation marks to set off exact phrases from the original source. Anne Reever Osborne April 2012, Garland Library Tusculum College

14. Ways to avoid Plagiarism: Interviewing • Take thorough notes. Mark own thoughts clearly. • If possible and permitted, record conversation or interview. Have backup batteries and media. • Retain all correspondence with interviewee especially emails. • Add notes for clarification immediately after an interview. Anne Reever Osborne April 2012, Garland Library Tusculum College

15. References and Additional Resources • Tusculum College Catalog 2010-11. Greeneville, Tennessee. • Reigeluth, C. M. (1999). What is instructional design theory and how is it changing? In C. M. Reigeluth (ed.), Instructional-design theories and models volume II: A new paradigm of instructional theory, (pp. 1-29). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. • Tusculum College Academic Misconduct Policymay also be found in the Tusculum College Catalog. • Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) Plagiarism Tutorial(http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource) Anne Reever Osborne April 2012, Garland Library Tusculum College