A High-Statistics Neutrino Scattering Experiment Using an On-Axis, Fine-grained Detector

1. MINERnA (Main INjector ExpeRiment n-A) A High-Statistics Neutrino Scattering Experiment Using an On-Axis, Fine-grained Detector in the NuMI Beam Quantitative Study of Low-energy n - Nucleus Interactions PANIC 2005 25 October 2005 Jorge G. Morfín Fermilab

2. What are the Open Questions in Neutrino PhysicsFrom the APS Multi-Divisional Study on the Physics of Neutrinos • What are the masses of the neutrinos? • What is the pattern of mixing among the different types of neutrinos? • Are neutrinos their own antiparticles? • Do neutrinos violate the symmetry CP? • Are there “sterile” neutrinos? • Do neutrinos have unexpected or exotic properties? • What can neutrinos tell us about the models of new physics beyond the Standard Model? The answer to almost every one of these questions involves understanding how neutrinos interact with matter! Among the APS study assumptions about the current and future program: “determination of the neutrino reaction and production cross sections required for a precise understanding of neutrino-oscillation physics and the neutrino astronomy of astrophysical and cosmological sources. Our broad and exacting program of neutrino physics is built upon precise knowledge of how neutrinos interact with matter.”

3. n Exactly what MINERnA will deliver! • MINERvA is a compact, fully active neutrino detector designed to study neutrino-nucleus interactions with unprecedented detail. • The MINERvA detector will be placed in the high intensity NuMI beam line that provides: • opportunity for precision neutrino interaction measurements • a wide range of neutrino energies • The MINERvA Detector, with several different nuclear targets, allows first study of neutrino induced nuclear effects • MINERvA will provide crucial input to current and future oscillation measurements C, Fe and Pb Nuclear targets p0 production

4. nuclear targets active detector ECAL HCAL 3.3cm The MINERnA Detector • Active core: ~6 t segmented solid scintillator • Tracking (including low p recoil protons) • Particle identification • 3 ns (RMS) per hit timing (track direction, identify stopped K±) • Core surrounded by em and hadronic calorimeters • Photon (p0) & hadron energy measurement • MINOS Near Detector as muon spectrometer

5. Event Rates13 Million total CC events in a 4 - year run Assume16.0x1020 in LEand ME NuMI beam configurations in 4 years Fiducial Volume = 3 tons CH, ≈ 0.5 t C, Fe and Pb Expected CC event samples: 8.6 M n events in 3 tons of CH 1.5 M n events in C 1.5 M n events in Fe 1.5 M n events in Pb Main CC Physics Topics (Statistics in CH) • Quasi-elastic 0.8 M events • Resonance Production 1.6 M total • Transition: Resonance to DIS2 M events • DIS, Structure Funcs. and high-x PDFs4.1 M DIS events • Coherent Pion Production 85 K CC / 37 K NC • Strange and Charm Particle Production> 230 K fully reconstructed events • Generalized Parton Distributions order 10 K events • Nuclear Effects C:1.5 M, Fe: 1.5 M and Pb: 1.5 M

6. The MINERnA n Scattering Physics Program • Quasi-elastic • Resonance Production - 1pi • Resonance/transition Region - npiresonance to DIS • Deep-Inelastic Scattering • Coherent Pion Production • Strange and Charm Particle Production • sT , Structure Functions and PDFs • s(x) and c(x) • High-x parton distribution functions • Nuclear Effects • Generalized Parton Distributions

7. MINERA CC Quasi-Elastic Measurements800 K events Precision measurement of s(En) and ds/dQ important for neutrino oscillation studies. Precision determination of axial vector form factor (FA), particularly at high Q2 Study of proton intra-nuclear scattering and their A-dependence (C, Fe and Pb targets) Fully simulated analysis, - realistic detector simulation and reconstruction Average: eff. = 74 % and purity = 77% Expected MiniBooNE and K2K measurements

8. Coherent Pion Production85K CC events Precision measurement of s(En) important for neutrino oscillation appearance studies. Rein-Seghal Paschos- Kartavtsev MINERnA’s nuclear targets allow the first measurement of the A-dependence of scoh across a wide A range MINERnA K2K SciBar measurement published: Expect 470 CC coherent a la R-S Find 7.6 ± 50.4 Expected MiniBooNe and K2K measurements

9. Nuclear EffectsDifference between n-A and m-A nuclear effects With neutrinos, shadowing is allowed at much lower-n, via the axial-vector coupling as shown by Boris Kopeliovich at NuInt04: Lc = 2n / (mp2 + Q2) ≥ RA (not mA2) Lc100 times shorter with mp allowing low n-low Q2 shadowing Only measurable via neutrino-nucleus interactions. MINERnA WILL MEASURE THIS ACROSS A WIDE n AND Q2 RANGE WITH C : Fe : Pb Sergey Kulagin

10. Who is MINERA? The MINERA Collaboration -Experts from two communities - door is still open D. Drakoulakos, P. Stamoulis, G. Tzanakos, M. Zois University of Athens, Athens, Greece D. Casper, J. Dunmore, C. Regis, B. Ziemer University of California, Irvine, California E. Paschos University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany D. Boehnlein, D. A. Harris, M. Kostin, J.G. Morfin, A. Pla-Dalmau, P. Rubinov, P. Shanahan, P. Spentzouris Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois M.E. Christy, W. Hinton, C.E .Keppel Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia R. Burnstein, O. Kamaev, N. Solomey Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois S.Kulagin Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia I. Niculescu. G. .Niculescu James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia W.K. Brooks, A. Bruell, R. Ent, D. Gaskell,, W. Melnitchouk, S. Wood Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia G. Blazey, M.A.C. Cummings, V. Rykalin Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois S. Boyd, D. Naples, V. Paolone University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania L. Aliaga, J.L. Bazo, A. Gago, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Lima, Peru A. Bodek, R. Bradford, H. Budd, J. Chvojka, P. de Babaro, S. Manly, K. McFarland, J. Park, W. Sakumoto University of Rochester, Rochester, New York R. Gilman, C. Glasshausser, X. Jiang, G. Kumbartzki, K. McCormick, R. Ransome Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey A. Chakravorty Saint Xavier University, Chicago, Illinois H. Gallagher, T. Kafka, W.A. Mann, W. Oliver Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts R. Ochoa, O. Pereyra, J. Solano Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria. Lima, Peru J. Nelson, F.X.Yumiceva William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Virginia Red = HEP, Blue = NP, Black = Theorist

11. Cost Summary Obligation Profile Summaries (Base + Contingency + Indirect M$),excludes already expended FY05 funds, 0.8M$

12. MINERnA Status • MINERnA has Fermilab Stage 1 Approval • MINERnA has successfully undergone a first Director’s Review • Fermilab has repeatedly shown itself to be solidly committed to MINERnA • MINERnA is a firmly established project at Fermilab • Fermilab has been generous in their support of MINERvA R&D • We expect construction funds from ~11/2006 – ~10/2008 • We are prototyping the “factory” setup now through Sept. 2006 • We are on track for first physics quality data at the end of 2008

13. Summary • The MINERnA experiment brings together the expertise of the HEP and NP communities to study low-energy n-A physics. • MINERnA will accumulate significantly more events in important exclusive channels across a wider En range than currently available as well as a huge sample of DIS events. With excellent knowledge of the beam, s will be well-measured. • With C, Fe and Pb targets MINERnA will undertake a systematic study of nuclear effects in n-A interactions, known to be different than well-studied e-A channels. • MINERnA results will dramatically improve the systematic errors of current and future neutrino oscillation experiments. • MINERnA has Stage I approval and is an established Fermilab project, with an evolving (Fermilab/DOE) funding scenario, that should be completed in Fall of 2008 with physics data-taking starting end CY2008 or start of CY2009.

14. n g W+ n Generalized Parton Distribution FunctionsWeak Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering m- W> 2 GeV, t small, Eglarge - Exclusive reaction p • First measurement of GPDs with neutrinos • Weak DVCS would allow flavor separation of GPDs • According to calculation by A. Psaker (ODU), MINERnA would accumulate 10,000 weak DVCS events in a 4-year run

15. How MINERnA Would Help NOnA/T2K Total fractional error in the predictions as a function of Near Detector off-axis Angle Current Accuracy of Low-energy Cross-sections DQE = 20% DRES = 40% DDIS = 20% DCOHFe = 100% With MINERnA Measurements of s DQE = 5% DRES = 5, 10% (CC, NC) DDIS = 5% DCOHFe = 20%