An introduction

1. An introduction Mrs. Bracken

2. What is poetry? • Poetry is imaginative ideas and descriptions that are written in lines and stanzas with a distinct voice and style. • Poetry is set in lines, not sentences. • In a poem, a sentence may take up two or three lines. • Poetry does not have to have proper punctuation.

3. What is poetry? • Lines of poetry do not have to begin with capital letters. • Lines of poetry may be one word or a few words. • Poetry does not have to rhyme.

4. Poem Parts • Lines-poetry is set in lines rather than sentences. • Stanzas-groups of lines in a poem much like a paragraph in prose or a verse in song. • Rhythm- the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry.

5. What does a poem look like? Safety Pin Valerie Worth Closed, it sleeps On its side Quietly, The silver Image Of some Small fish; Opened, it snaps Its tail out Like a thin Shrimp, and looks At the sharp Point with a Surprised eye. How many lines are in this poem? How many stanzas?

6. Rhyme • Rhyme: the repetition of vowel and consonant sounds at the end of words. • End Rhyme: rhyme that happens at the end of lines in a poem • Internal Rhyme: rhyme that happens within a line of poetry • Rhyme Scheme: the pattern of end rhymes in a poem

7. Rhyme Practice THE TIDE RISES, THE TIDE FALLS by: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882) The tide rises, the tide falls, The twilight darkens, the curlew calls; Along the sea-sands damp and brown The traveler hastens toward the town, And the tide rises, the tide falls. Darkness settles on roofs and walls, But the sea, the sea in the darkness calls; The little waves, with their soft, white hands, Efface the footprints in the sands, And the tide rises, the tide falls. The morning breaks; the steeds in their stalls Stamp and neigh, as the hostler calls; The day returns, but nevermore Returns the traveler to the shore, And the tide rises, the tide falls. Find the end rhymes. What is the rhyme scheme?

8. Internal Rhyme Find the internal rhymes! The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December, And each separate dying ember wrought it’s ghost upon the floor. Eagerly I wished the morrow;- vainly I had sought to borrow From my books surcease of sorrows- sorrow for the lost Lenore-

9. Free Verse • Free verse: poetry that does not have a regular rhythm or rhyme scheme. The 1st by Lucille Clifton What I remember about that day is boxes stacked across the walk and couch springs curling through the air and drawers and tables balanced on the curb and us, hollering, leaping up and around happy to have playground; nothing about the emptied rooms nothing about the emptied family

10. Imagery • Imagery: a word or group of words which appeal to one or more of the senses-sight, taste, touch, hearing, and smell. • Imagery serves to intensify the impact of the poem.

11. Imagery Identification • Which of the five senses does this poem appeal to? The Walrus and the Carpenter by Lewis Carroll The sun was shining on the sea, Shining with all his might: He did his very best to make The billows smooth and bright - And this was odd, because it was The middle of the night.

12. Try again • Which of the five senses does this poem appeal to? Mother Bird by Walter de la Mare Through the green twilight of a hedge, I peered with cheek on the cool leaves pressed

13. Stanza Styles • Couplet- 2 lines • Tercet- 3 lines • Quatrain- 4 lines • Cinquain- 5 lines • Sestet- 6 lines Example of a couplet: I have the measles and the mumps, a gash, a rash and purple bumps.

14. Tone and Mood • Tone: the attitude that the writer takes toward the audience, a subject or characters. • Tone is conveyed by the writer’s choice of words and details. Examples: sarcastic, serious, unhappy, humorous, optimistic • Mood: the overall emotion created by a work of literature. It is the emotional atmosphere.

15. Mood and Tone Test What is the mood? Annabel Lee By Edgar Allan Poe It was many and many a year ago, In a kingdom by the sea, That a maiden there lived whom you may know By the name of ANNABEL LEE; And this maiden she lived with no other thought Than to love and be loved by me. I was a child and she was a child, In this kingdom by the sea; But we loved with a love that was more than love- I and my Annabel Lee; With a love that the winged seraphs of heaven Coveted her and me. And this was the reason that, long ago, In this kingdom by the sea, A wind blew out of a cloud, chilling My beautiful Annabel Lee; So that her highborn kinsman came And bore her away from me, To shut her up in a sepulchre In this kingdom by the sea. The mood is haunting and romantic. The tone is serious. What is the tone?

16. Poetry Forms • Free verse • Lyric poetry: It is any poem with one speaker (not necessarily the poet) who expresses strong thoughts and feelings. • Narrative Poem: It is a poem that tells a story; its structure resembles the plot line of a story

17. Lyrical Poetry…expresses feelings • Elegy: It is a lyric poem that mourns the dead. It has no set rhythm or stanza style. • Sonnet: a fourteen line poem with a strict form (Italian or Shakespearean). • Ode: a lyric poem that celebrates something.

18. Narrative Poetry…tells a story • Ballad: It is a narrative poem that has a musical rhythm and can be sung. • Example: “The Highwayman” • Epic: It is a long narrative poem in elevated style recounting the deeds of a legendary or historical hero. • Example: “Gilgamesh”