(Corporate) E nvironmental M anagement S ystems (EMS)

1. (Corporate) Environmental Management Systems(EMS) “Business of tomorrow is not only about products or productivity it is more about the way how business is done … »

2. Agenda Sustainable indicator systems Management systems Characteristics of an EMS, e.g. ISO 14001 EMAS Requirements for an EMS in a company Example: Life Cycle Assessment Assignment: Ecological Footprint

3. 1. Sustainable indicator systems

4. 1. Sustainable indicator systems

5. Develop written environmental policy Baseline resource use and waste Determine significant aspects and impacts Set action plans for priority aspects General environmental awareness training Control legal and other requirements 1. Sustainable indicator systems

6. Environmental Aspect Element of an organisation’s activities, products or services that can interact with and impact the environment Environmental Criteria Surroundings in which an organisation interacts, including air, water, land, natural resources, biodiversity (flora & fauna), human health and their interrelation Environmental Impact Any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organisation’s activities, products or services 1. Sustainable indicator systems

7. Six Step Environmental Management Plan: Create an Environmental Policy Statement Determine Environmental Priorities Define Actions to Address Priorities Implement the Plan Measure Effectiveness Review This will put your mind on a path to sustainability and continuous environmental improvement 1. Sustainable indicator systems

8. 1. Sustainable indicator systems

9. 1. Sustainable indicator systems

10. A management system meanswhat the organisation has to manage concerning its processes or activities in order that its products or services meet the organisation’s objectives, such as satisfying the customer's requirements, complying to regulations or meeting environmental objectives 2. Management system

11. ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 are among ISO's most well known standards ever. They are implemented by more than a million organisations in 175 countries. ISO 9001 helps organisations to implement quality management. ISO 14001 helps organisations to implement environmental management. 2. Management systems (e.g.) Quality Management and Environmental Management

12. ISO 9001 is for quality management. Quality refers to all those features of a product (or service) which are required by the customer. Quality management means what the organisation does to ensure that its products or services satisfy the customer's quality requirements and comply with any regulations applicable to those products or services. 2. Management system Quality Management and Environmental Management

13. 2. Management systems ISO 9001 Quality Management (development 2003-2007) www.iso.org

14. ISO 14001 is for environmental management. This means what the organisation does to: minimize harmful effects on the environment caused by its activities, to conform to applicable regulatory requirements, and to achieve continual improvement of its environmental performance. 2. Management systems Environmental Management

15. ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 are genericstandards. Generic means that the same standards can be applied: to any organisation, large or small, whatever its product or service is, in any sector of activity, and whether it is a business enterprise, a public administration or a government department. 2. Management system Quality Management and Environmental Management

16. 3. Characteristics of an EMS ISO 14001SYSTEMIC REQUIREMENTS4.1 CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT MANAGEMENT REVIEW 4.6 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 4.2 VERIFICATION CORRECTIVE ACTION 4.5 PLANNING 4.3 IMPLEMENTATION OPERATION 4.4

17. + ISO 14001 • Most widely recognised and adopted standard • > 130,000 organisations certified worldwide • Well established, good reputation • Internationally recognised • Can take a long time to implement – especially within large complex organisations • Can be costly to implement – tools and consultancy • See additionally: http://www.praxiom.com/iso-14001.htm

18. + EMAS • Eco-Management Audit Scheme • Participation started in 1995 • EMAS Regulation was adopted by the EU Council in 2001. • about 4.500 participating Europe wide (June 2010) • Compatible with ISO 14001 but more stringent and prescriptive,e.g public reporting, the demonstration of legal compliance

19. EMAS goes further than ISO 14001 EMAS + EmployeesParticipation + Public Reporting ISO/EN ISO 14001(2004) + Legal Compliance + Performance improvement

20. EMAS is a systematic approach Initial env. review Continuous improvement PLAN Environmental policy ACT Management review Planification CHECK Implementation DO Monitoring and measurement

21. EMAS in Europe

22. EMAS in Germany andtheNetherlands • Number of • Organisations • 250 • 60 • 1.395 • 34 • 1.035 • 5 • 5 • 1.217 • …… • 4513 Total number of records • Austria • Belgium • Germany • France • Italy • Netherlands • Slovakia • Spain …… • Total Country Number of sites • 616 • 445 • 1.887 • 34 • 1.460 • 5 • 6 • 1.527 …… • 7.738

23. EMAS in different sectors (Germany)

24. + ISO 14001 vs. EMAS

25. 4. EMS Requirements for a company Baseline or Initial Environmental Review • Identify scope of the review: • Entire organisation or just parts • Activities/operations you can control and those that you can influence • Identify which key activities cause environmental impact: • Waste production • Energy use • Production itself • Procurement • Water use • Grounds Maintenance • Transport • Construction Identify significant areas for review e.g. • Estates • Production • Procurement

26. 4. EMS Requirements for a company Baseline or Initial Environmental Review – e.g. Waste • Produce a checklist for an initial environmental review of Waste Management and Electricity • Identify key roles, responsibilities and competence – Managers, Operational Staff, Contractors • Review history of the site - Audits, Incidents, Complaints, • Identify activities that Legislation will apply to. • Identify current practices and procedures • Remember: This is a initial or baseline review so don’t loose yourself in too much details!

27. 4. EMS Requirements for a company Aspects and Impacts Complete the aspects and impacts on the template register

28. 4. EMS Requirements for a company Suggested Scoring Matrix “Significant aspect” = score 4-5 You may want to add in more complex criteria and ‘medium‘ levels (2-3)

29. 4. EMS Requirements for a company The Environmental Policy • Your Policy will: • Be informed by your baseline audit and aspects and impacts analysis • Form a framework for setting objectives and targets • Your policy must: • Be relevant to the nature, scale and activities of the organisation • Undergo senior management consultation and endorsement • Include key commitments – Legal compliance, Continual Improvement, Pollution Prevention • Be regularly reviewed and publically available • Also consider that the best Policies: • Are short and clear (one-page document) • Make meaningful, easily understood commitments • Written using clear, direct language that is accessible to a wide variety of audiences. • Make a statement of overall responsibility and ownership

30. Examples (be concrete)

31. 5. Life Cycle Assessment A simple overview of a complex process … everything is connected Source: R. E. Ricklefs’ Economy of Nature

32. Learning Objectives • Get acquainted with LCA • Understand how to conceptually apply the main steps of LCA • Understand some of the difficulties and/or limitations of each LCA step

33. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) LCA is a method that considers energy and raw material consumption, different types of emissionsand other important factors related to a specific product’s entire life cycle from an environmental point of view.

34. LCA Brief History • Started in the early 1970s to investigate energy requirements of different processes • Emissions and raw materials were considered later • Numerous variants of LCA “methods” were developed and/or investigated initially • A widely accepted series of guidelines and definitions was published by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) • Today ISO 14040-14044 is considered the LCA standard

35. LCA Main Steps Step 1: Goal Definition & Scope (ISO 14040) Step 2: Inventory Analysis (ISO 14041) Step 3: Impact Assessment (ISO 14042) Step 4: Improvement Assessment / Interpretation (ISO 14043)

36. 5. Life Cycle Assessment Introduction to Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

37. 5. Life Cycle Assessment Life Cycle Stages

38. The more processes, the more complex … 5. Life Cycle Assessment Energy Water Water Energy Manufacturing Process Energy Water Manufacturing Process Raw Materials Manufacturing Process Gas Waste Raw Materials Gas Waste Solid Waste Liquid Waste Solid Waste Liquid Waste Gas Waste Water Raw Materials Energy Solid Waste Liquid Waste Manufacturing Process End Product Gas Waste Solid Waste Liquid Waste

39. …and more! Everything is changing 5. Life Cycle Assessment

40. 5. Life Cycle AssessmentFramework ISO 1404x Goal and Scope Definition (ISO 14040) Interpretation (ISO 14043) Inventory Analysis (ISO 14041) Impact Assessment (ISO 14042) Improvement Assessment /

41. Example: Coffee Maker Source: http://home.howstuffworks.com/coffee-maker.htm

42. Step 1: Goal Definition & Scope • Establish purpose & goal • Define decision criteria, function & functional unit • Define system boundaries • Life cycle stages(top right) • Time • Place(down right: world/country etc.) • Determine required data quality / sources

43. Step 1: Coffee Maker • Purpose of LCA? • Determine how to improve the environmental performance of a coffee maker • Decision criteria? • Total energy consumed, equivalent CO2 produced, eco-indicator 99 score • Function of a coffee maker? • Functional units? • Cups of coffee poured, Time coffee is warmed • System boundaries? • Five years of use, Europe, production, use & end-of-life stages

44. Difficulties & Limitations of Step 1 • How do you comparedifferent products that provide similar functions or services? • How do you compare similar products that provide multiple functions or services? • How do you define moreabstract functional units such as entertainment from toys or higher self-respect? • Where do you stop drawing the bounds to your system?

45. Step 2: Inventory Analysis • Make a process tree or flow chart classifying events in a product’s life cycle • Determine all mass and energy inputs and outputs • Collect relevant data! • Make assumptions for missing data • Establish (correct) material and energy balance(s) for each stage and event

46. Step 2: Inventory Analysis (cont.) Input/output diagram for single stage or unit operation Source: EPA Life-Cycle Design Guidance Manual, EPA Report no. EPA/600/R-92/226, p. 104.

47. Step 2: Coffee Maker Understand the product components & materials first Rested (bottom) View Top (internal) View Bottom (internal) View Heater View Total View Source: http://home.howstuffworks.com/coffee-maker.htm

48. Step 2: Coffee Maker (cont.) Simplified process tree for coffee maker Source: http://www.pre.nl/download/EI99_Manual.pdf

49. Step 2: Coffee Maker (cont.) Lifecycle inventory for coffee maker Boxes for packagingare not included in assessment/inventory Source: http://www.pre.nl/download/EI99_Manual.pdf

50. Difficulties & Limitations of Step 2 • Finding data is hard and usually very time- consuming • Published data on material loads exists, but is often inconsistent and/or not directly applicable • Obtained data is usually discrete, static and linear (makes many simplifying assumptions) • Mistakes are easily made in quantification • Mass and energy balancesmay not be correct • Results can be generalized improperly