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NORDUnet 25 years

NORDUnet 25 years. The Future of NORDUnet. Hans Wallberg SUNET University of Umeå Hans.Wallberg@umdac.umu.se. Predicting the Future?. Study the history and extrapolate!. The Mission of NORDUnet. Provide international network connectivity to Research networks and the General Internet

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NORDUnet 25 years

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  1. NORDUnet 25 years The Future of NORDUnet Hans Wallberg SUNET University of Umeå Hans.Wallberg@umdac.umu.se

  2. Predicting the Future? • Study the history and extrapolate!

  3. The Mission of NORDUnet • Provide international network connectivity to Research networks and the General Internet • Network development activities • International representation of the Nordic networks

  4. Network Capacity • 56 kbit/s in 1988 • 10 Gbit/s today • 10 Tbit/s in 2015 ~10 Mbit/s per user

  5. The NORDUnet Plug of 1989 X.25 DECnet TCP/IP

  6. The NORDUnet Plug of Today • IP – 10 Gbit/s • NorternLight • n x GE • Provisioned as completely separate connections

  7. The NORDUnet Plug of Tomorrow • IP ≥ 10 Gbit/s • NorthernLight • n x GE • n x 10 GE • 40 Gbit/s or 100 GE? • Distributed over one hybrid network based on dark fibre • Will the national networks and campus networks be prepared to deliver lambdas to the individual researcher?

  8. Technical Issues • Connection oriented or connectionless • Issues the first NORDUnet conference • X.25 and the Q-bit • Cambridge Rings vs Ethernet • In the beginning we were connections oriented and used X.25 • From 1988 we became connectionless with packet switching and IP • ATM was an exception and a mistake

  9. Connectionless or Connection Oriented • Today • Connectionless (packet switched) for general communications. Millions of flows per second. • Connection oriented (lambdas) for special needs. Point-to-point between researchers. Few flows with long duration.

  10. Connectionless or Connection Oriented • Tomorrow • Still connectionless for the general use • Many more lambdas (connection oriented) for special needs • Much higher bandwidth per lambda • Will the connection oriented paradigm scale? • The number of point-to-point links increases • The lifetime of the links decreases

  11. Technical Developments • DWDM systems • Transparent • Passive core • Automatic attenuation and dispersion compensation • ROADMs • Passive splitting instead of OADMs • All active optical equipment at customer premises • Increased number of channels (lambdas) • 50 GHz per channel (25 GHz per ch will come?) • Both C-band and L-band in the same system • Higher bandwidth per channel • Lightwave modulation: Duo Binary, ODB, DPSK, etc. • Optical Switches – Photonic Switching • Bit-rate and protocol transparent

  12. The Reasons for Hybrid Networks • Routers are too expensive • Switches are cheap • Optical Switches are even cheaper • Eliminates the bandwidth limitations of the campus networks • Eliminates limitations of campus firewalls • The only way to achieve e2e performance • We shouldn’t use expensive routers for bandwidth intensive long-lived flows • Routers cause latency

  13. Killer Applications? • Unlimited bandwidth needs in 5 years: • Astronomy - VLBI • Physics • Space Physics - Sensors • Life Sciences - Imaging • Remote Visualization • Grid Computing • Will they really show up? • Will they be financed and able to pay their marginal part of the communication cost? • When will we see Grid Clusters with 10GE Interfaces? • If these killer apps don’t show up the networking community will loose credibility

  14. Conclusions • The future network of NORDUnet should: • Use dark fibre • Use the latest generation of DWDM equipment • Future proof • Flexible and adaptable to any needs • Compatible with the national networks • Router consolidation

  15. Network development activities • Participate in international network development activities (GLIF, GN2, etc.) • Coordinate common Nordic network development activities (Nordunet3, etc.) • Participate in network testing and experiments for specific researchers (VLBI, etc.) • Most of the network development activities will be based on a common Nordic hybrid network • Challenges: • Participation from the Nordic national network • Avoid interfering with the national networks

  16. International representation of the Nordic networks • One person instead of five attending international meetings • Saves money and resources • One Nordic voice • One common Nordic view • Makes an impact

  17. Final Conclusion • In the future NORDUnet should: • Provide international network connectivity for the Nordic NRENs • Perform network development activities • Represent the Nordic networks Internationally

  18. NORDUnet 2006 Networking Conference September Göteborg Sweden Göteborg University Chalmers University of Technology

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