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SYNTHETIC MATERIALS

SYNTHETIC MATERIALS. Man has been using many naturally occurring materials like Cotton , silk and jute to prepare fibres and clothes. Shikakai was used for cleaning. A long list of products like gum, resin, dyes, wood and many more which are very useful to us exists.

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SYNTHETIC MATERIALS

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  1. SYNTHETICMATERIALS

  2. Man has been using many naturally occurring materials like Cotton, silk and jute to prepare fibres and clothes. Shikakai was used for cleaning. Along list of products like gum, resin, dyes, wood and many more which are very useful to us exists. In ancient days all needs of human beings were fulfilled by naturally available substances INTRODUCTION

  3. INCREASE IN POPULATION. • LIMITED AVAILABILITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES. • SLOW PROCESSING OF NATURAL RESOURCES. WHY is the need for synthetic materials increased..?

  4. Materials not available in nature but produced by using naturally available raw materials, are called synthetic materials. Examples: Plastics, Cement, Glass, Fibres, Ceramics etc. LETS UNDERSTAND WHAT EXACTLY SYNTHETIC MATERIALS MEAN..!

  5. Compounds which are formed by the union of a very large number of molecules of a simple compound or compounds united in a repetitious manner are called polymers. The simple compounds which build up the polymer molecule are called monomers. The process in which two or more molecules of a simple compound unite together to form a new compound is called polymerisation. What is a polymer?

  6. POLYMER TYPES

  7. ADDITION POLYMERS: Addition polymerisation is a process in which several molecules join together to form a giant molecule during the reaction. There is no elimination of molecules. They are prepared from unsaturated monomers. E.g.. Polythene and polyvinyl chloride (pvc). SYNTHETIC POLYMERS

  8. SEE HOW ITS MADE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=U6d_F1jcKzI

  9. The polymerisation in which several monomers form a polymer with the elimination of some simple molecules during the reaction is called condensation polymerisation. The condensation involves elimination of molecules like water, methanol etc. Leading to linking of polymers. E.g. Nylon and terylene. CONDENSATION POLYMERS:

  10. SEE HOW CONDENSATION REACTION TAKES PLACE..!!

  11. POLYMER APPLICATIONS:

  12. A plastic is a synthetic material manufactured by the polymerisation of organic substances which can be moulded in to desired shape when hot. Plastics are of two types (1) Thermo plastics (2) Thermosetting plastics. PLASTICS

  13. > Plastic materials are strong and more durable. > They are less corrosive and do not react with the atmospheric air. > It can be shaped easily. > Plastics have replaced glass, wood, metal, rubber, leather etc. WHY PLASTIC IS USED SO EXTENSIVELY..?

  14. A plastic is a synthetic material manufactured by the polymerisation of organic substances which can be moulded into desired shape when hot. Plastics are of two types: (1) Thermo plastics (2) Thermosetting plastics. Plastic & ITS CLASSIFICATION

  15. PLASTIC TYPES THERMOPLASTIC PLASTIC: Plastics which lose their shape on heating are called thermoplastics. E.g. Polyvinyl chloride, Polystyrene are examples for thermo plastics. THERMOSETTING PLASTIC: Plastics which set on heating and become irreversibly hard on cooling, are known as thermosetting plastics. E.g. : Bakelite, silicones, epoxy-resins.

  16. How am I made??? https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=U6d_F1jcKzI

  17. RECYCLING OF PLASTIC

  18. Steps involved in re-cycling are: 1. Collection of waste plastic materials. 2. Separating thermosetting and thermoplastic materials. 3. Softening of thermoplastics. 4. Upgrading the quality by refining. 5. Re-moulding.

  19. https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=Q6hzhKmw4EYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=Q6hzhKmw4EY See how that can be done!!!!!!

  20. > Cement is an important synthetic material. > It is the chief component of building materials. > Cement is a mixture of calcium silicate and calcium aluminate, with small amount of gypsum salt. > The essential raw materials used in the manufacture of cement are clay and lime stone. >Gypsum (calcium sulphate) is used to regulate setting rate. WHAT IS CEMENT..??

  21. https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=U6d_F1jcKzIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=U6d_F1jcKzI Ever wondered how cement is manufactured..?

  22. Cement sets into a hard mass when mixed with water. Therefore it makes an excellent binding material in construction work. The method of hardening cement by treating it with water is known as curing. During curing cement absorbs water. Calcium silicate and aluminates of cement are converted into a colloidal gel. This process is exothermic; hence it requires continuous water treatment. Cement Setting and curing

  23. glass Glass is one of the oldest synthetic substances being used. Due to its transparent and non-corrosive property, glass is widely used in various fields. Chemically, glass is a homogenous mixture of sodium silicate and calcium silicate (Na2SiO2, CaSiO3, 4SiO2)

  24. Do you know that I am made of opaque substances but I am transparent!!!! Na2CO3 + SiO2 → Na2SiO3 + CO2 CaCO3 + SiO2 → CaSiO3 + CO2 Manufacture of glass!!!! Check this out !!!! https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=-z1P2cK9Rro

  25. Glass is a strong and transparent material. It is corrosion resistant It does not react with other chemicals at ordinary temperature. It gradually softens on heating, and begins to flow very slowly. Properties of glass

  26. Clay materials, such as chinaware, porcelain and bricks, are collectively known as ceramics. .The word ceramic is derived from a Greek word ceremos which means earthern pot. ceramics

  27. I am made from  white clay, sand and feldspar. [Feldspar, K2O Al2O3 6SiO2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=w_psIFCFY1w Watch out how am I made!!!

  28. LETS ALL SAY NO TO PLASTICS!!!!!!

  29. EVERY ONE NEEDS TO DO THEIR BIT!!!!! THINK &

  30. HOPE YOU ENJOYED

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