Advanced Technical Writing

1. Advanced Technical Writing Lecture 10 Research and the Internet

2. A workshop brought to you by the Purdue University Writing Lab Purdue University Writing Lab

3. Research and the Internet • The Internet can be a great tool for research, but finding quality web materials and using them to your advantage in your writing can be challenging. OWL web site: owl.english. purdue.edu

4. Why do we need to evaluate web sources? • Virtually any person can publish almost anything on the Internet. • Unlike most print sources, web sources do not have to be professionally accepted and edited to be published. Purdue University Writing Lab

5. Researching the Internet • Use search engines to your advantage • Identify the web site • Examine for credibility • Determine depth and scope of information • Assess date of information

6. Types of web pages • Informative pages • Personal web pages • Political/interest group pages • Marketing-oriented pages • Entertainment pages Purdue University Writing Lab

7. What is a search engine? • A search engine is an Internet tool that locates web pages and sorts them according to specified keywords.

8. Types of search engines • Yahoo and Alta Vista are the most useful search engines for beginning searches. • Google, Northern Light, and Snap access the greatest percentage of the World Wide Web--only around 15-16%. • Dogpile will search through several search engines at once. • A collection of search engine links is available at the OWL web site: owl.english.purdue.edu

9. Collection of search engine links • Google: Includes a new type of search, "Google Scholar," which allows you to search for more academically-oriented searches. • Lycos: A search engine that allows for news searches but does not have many advanced search features. • Metacrawler: A metasearch engine and will search other search engines. • The Open Directory Project: One of the largest and most comprehensive human-edited directories in the world. Only higher quality websites will be listed here as each site submitted must be approved by a directory editor. • WebCrawler: Another search engine that allows searching by location, domain name, and for multimedia. The following is a list of some of the most powerful search and metasearch engines and most comprehensive web directories • All4one: One of the first metasearch engines, All4One allows simultaneous searching of 10 major search engines. • Bing: Microsoft's search engine. • Dogpile: A metasearch engine that will search Google, MSN, Yahoo, and Ask. • Environment Web Directory: A web directory that focuses on environmental and health issues. • Excite: A search engine that lets you search by language, for video, audio, and mp3, and by relevant date.

10. Invisible web search The invisible web includes many types of online resources that normally cannot be found using regular search engines. The listings below can help you access these resources: • Alexa: A website that archives older websites that are no longer available on the Internet. • Complete Planet: Provides an extensive listing of databases that cannot be searched by conventional search engine technology. It provides access to lists of databases which you can then search individually. • The Directory of Open Access Journals: Another full-text journal searchable database. • FindArticles: Indexes over 10 million articles from a variety of different publications. • Find Law: A comprehensive site that provides information on legal issues organized by category. • HighWire: Brought to you by Stanford University, HighWire press provides access to one of the largest databases of free, full-text, scholarly content. • Infomine: A research database created by librarians for use at the university level. It includes both a browsable catalogue and searching capabilities. • MagPortal: A search engine that will allow you to search for free online magazine articles on a wide range of topics.

11. Use search engines to your advantage • Pick the right search engine for your research needs. • Yahoo and AltaVista will help you to distinguish among different categories of web sites. • Hotbot, however, locates information based upon the popularity of the site. • Refine your search whenever possible. Purdue University Writing Lab

12. Limit your keyword search It is a good idea to read the directions for each search engine to get the most out of your search. Use words like AND and OR to limit your search and get more specified information. Or Cancer Lawsuit Tobacco Legislation Smoking And Advertising Teenagers

13. Identify the web site • Assess the authorship, content, and purpose of the web site. • This is important because • many web sources are not checked for accuracy. • some personal sites are used to express individual opinions about issues, but not necessarily the facts. Purdue University Writing Lab

14. Identify the web site • Sometimes the actual purpose of the web site may not be clearly articulated. • Can be difficult to separate advertising from accurate information. • Some marketing sites will offer misleading information in attempts to sell their products. Purdue University Writing Lab

15. Identify the web site • Whenever possible, try to locate the home page. • You can often do this by eliminating some information from the end of the URL. .org .gov .ps .com .net .edu .us .au .uk Purdue University Writing Lab

16. Who is the creator of the site? What is the purpose of the site? Who is the audience of this site? Can you purchase products at this site? Is the site affiliated with a business or university? Does the site offer information about a particular person or group? Identify the web site Purdue University Writing Lab

17. Examine for credibility • Credibility may be compromised by purposeful misinformation or by unintentional neglect. • Locating the name of the site’s creator may be challenging. • Credentials may be missing even if the author’s name is provided. Purdue University Writing Lab

18. Examine for credibility • Who is the author of the site? • What is the authority or expertise of the individual or group? • What else comes up when you type the author’s name into a search engine? • Does the source have a political or business agenda? • Is the site sponsored by a political or business group? If so, what can you find out about that group? Purdue University Writing Lab

19. Examine for credibility • Does the site provide a list of sources or a Works Cited page? • Can you locate any of the source material? How reliable is this material? • Are there links to other credible sites with additional information? • Does the site provide a link for emailing the author or webmaster? Purdue University Writing Lab

20. Determine depth and scope of information • Does the material show signs of research, such as references to other sources, hyperlinks, footnotes, or a reference page? • Does the author consider opposing points of view? • How closely does the site really match the information for which you are searching? Purdue University Writing Lab

21. Determine depth and scope of information • Are there a lot of flashy pictures, colors, animated images, and logos designed to attract attention? Do these eye-catching images distract you from noticing a lack of credible information? Do they disguise an attempt to get you to buy something? Purdue University Writing Lab

22. Determine depth and scope of information • Different from print sources: • Information covered on web pages is often presented for easy digestion and visual appeal. • Information may not provide sufficient depth or scope. • Material may be affected by marketing or political bias. • Sometimes web sources may not be the right sources for the information you need. Purdue University Writing Lab

23. Assess date of information • Can you locate a date on the web page? • Dates on web pages can mean: • Date the author first wrote or developed the material • Date site was first available on the Internet for public access • Date site was most recently updated, including revisions, additions, or subtractions to the material Purdue University Writing Lab

24. Assess date of information • Does the site clearly state a date of creation or a date for the most recent update? • More importantly, does the information cover recent changes or advances in the field or topic you are researching? Purdue University Writing Lab

25. Evaluating web sources • Use search engines to your advantage • Identify the web site • Examine for credibility • Determine depth and scope of information • Assess date of information Purdue University Writing Lab