TOP FIVE

1. TOP FIVE Causes of the CIVIL WAR

2. #1 Economic Differences Between the North and the South • NORTH BECOMING INCREASINGLY INDUSTRIAL • rise of factories • cheap immigrant labor • rise of cities • society of different cultures that had to work together • AGRICULTURE IN THE SOUTH • invention of the cotton gin • reliance on slavery as labor source • King Cotton • society based on antiquated social order

3. #2 FEDERAL Power vs. STATES Rights STATES RIGHTS • Articles of Confederation • Anti-Federalists • Democratic- Republicans • VA/KY Resolutions • Nullification Crisis FEDERAL POWER • weaknesses of the Articles • US Constitution • dominance of the federal government

4. #3 “FREE” vs. SLAVE states • Louisiana Purchase • Wilmot Proviso • Mexican Cession • Compromise of 1850 • Kansas-Nebraska Act • 3/5ths Compromise • Missouri Compromise • Fugitive Slave Act • Bleeding Kansas • Caning of Charles Sumner

5. #4 Growth of Abolition Movement • William Lloyd Garrison and “The Liberator” • Frederick Douglass and “The North Star” • Sojourner Truth • Harriet Tubman and the “Underground Railroad” • Harriet Beecher Stowe and “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” • The Grimke Sisters • Dred Scott case • John Brown • Slave rebellions (ex. Nat Turner)

6. #5 Election of Abraham Lincoln • Many in the South viewed Lincoln as an abolitionist. • His election was the “straw that broke the camels back” • South Carolina was the first to secede. SC was followed (in order) by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. • Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina and Tennessee would follow after Ft. Sumter • 4 slave states would remain in the Union for the entire war (Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri—aka The Border States)