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THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA

THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA. THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA. WHAT IS THE INTELLIGENTSIA? “Critically thinking people” “Secular priesthood” Common defining features = Education in western ideas Highly politicized. THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA. ORIGINS Reforms of Peter the Great

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THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA

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  1. THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA

  2. THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA • WHAT IS THE INTELLIGENTSIA? • “Critically thinking people” • “Secular priesthood” • Common defining features = • Education in western ideas • Highly politicized

  3. THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA • ORIGINS • Reforms of Peter the Great • Social critics of Catherine the Great • NIKOLAI NOVIKOV, DENIS FONVIZIN, ALEXANDER RADISHCHEV • “CIRCLES” of late 18th/early 19th c. • Romanticism, Idealism, Nationalism • “Cursed Questions” N. Novikov D. Fonvizin A. Radishchev

  4. THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA • DEVELOPMENT • “Remarkable Decade:” 1838-1848 • PETER CHAADAEV: “First Philosophical Letter” • Russia had no past, no present, no future • Led to 2 new competing intellectual movements: • SLAVOPHILES • WESTERNIZERS

  5. THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA A. Khomiakov • SLAVOPHILES • ALEKSEI KHOMIAKOV, IVAN KIREEVSKY, CONSTANTINE AKSAKOV • Superiority of Russia & Orthodoxy • SOBORNOST’ • OBSHCHINA • Messianic role of Russia • Peter’s reforms disrupted Russia’s natural development • Idealized NAROD • Opposed serfdom & bureaucracy, tacitly supported autocracy I. Kireevsky C. Aksakov

  6. THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA • WESTERNIZERS • Similarities with Slavophiles • Opposed serfdom, bureaucracy, capitalism • Russia should take leadership role • Idealized narod • Differences • Many different social strata, including RAZNOCHINTSY • Embraced western ideas & western development • Very secular • Opposed autocracy

  7. THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA • WESTERNIZERS • Moderates (Fathers): TIMOFEI GRANOVKSY & NIKOLAI STANKEVICH • Mild liberal reform • Education & enlightenment • Evolutionary approach • Radicals (Sons): VISSARION BELINSKY, ALEXANDER HERZEN • Revolutionary approach • Russian socialism T. Granovskii V. Belinsky A. Herzen N. Stankevich

  8. THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA • WESTERNIZERS • PETRASHEVTSY: NIKOLAI CHERNYSHEVSKY & FEDOR DOSTOEVSKY • Influenced by French Utopian socialism • PHALANSTERIES • Transitional group between Moderates & Radicals • Raided by govt. 1849 N. Chernyshevsky F. Dostoevsky

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