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Buffer solution دکتر امید رجبی دانشیار گروه شیمی دارویی

Buffer solution دکتر امید رجبی دانشیار گروه شیمی دارویی. شیمی عمومی. Buffer solutions are solutions that resist change in Hydronium ion and the hydroxide ion concentration (and consequently pH ) upon addition of small amounts of acid or base , or upon dilution. .

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Buffer solution دکتر امید رجبی دانشیار گروه شیمی دارویی

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  1. Buffer solution دکتر امید رجبیدانشیار گروه شیمی دارویی شیمی عمومی

  2. Buffer solutions are solutions that resist change in Hydronium ion and the hydroxide ion concentration (and consequently pH) upon addition of small amounts of acid or base, or upon dilution.

  3. When an acid or base is added to water, the pH changes drastically.

  4. Buffers • A buffer solution resists a change in pH when an acid or base is added.

  5. Components of a Buffer A buffer solution • Contains a combination of acid-base conjugate pairs. • Contains a weak acid and a salt of the conjugate base of that acid. • Typically has equal concentrations of a weak acid and its salt. • May also contain a weak base and a salt with the conjugate acid.

  6. Buffer Action • The acetic acid/acetate buffer contains acetic acid (CH3COOH) and sodium acetate (CH3COONa). • The salt produces sodium and acetate ions. CH3COONa CH3COO- + Na+ • The salt provides a higher concentration of the conjugate base CH3COO- than the weak acid. CH3COOH + H2O CH3COO- + H3O+ small amount Large amount

  7. Function of the Weak Acid • The function of the weak acid is to neutralize a base. The acetate ion in the product adds to the available acetate. CH3COOH + OH- CH3COO- + H2O

  8. Function of the Conjugate Base • The function of the acetate ion CH3COO- (conjugate base) is to neutralize H3O+ from acids. The weak acid product adds to the weak acid available. CH3COO- + H3O+ CH3COOH + H2O

  9. Summary of Buffer Action • The weak acid in a buffer neutralizes base. • The conjugate base in the buffer neutralizes acid. • The pH of the solution is maintained.

  10. pH of a Buffer • The [H3O+] in the Ka expression is used to determine the pH of a buffer. Weak acid + H2O H3O+ + Conjugate base Ka = [H3O+][conjugate base] [weak acid] [H3O+] = Ka x [weak acid] [conjugate base] pH = -log [H3O+]

  11. Calculation of Buffer pH The weak acid H2PO4- in a blood buffer H2PO4-/HPO42- has Ka = 6.2 x 10-8. What is the pH of the buffer if it is 0.20 M in both H2PO4- and HPO42-? [H3O+] = Ka x [H2PO4-] [HPO42-] [H3O+] = 6.2 x 10-8 x [0.20 M] = 6.2 x 10-8 [0.20 M] pH = -log [6.2 x 10-8] = 7.21

  12. The Henderson-Hasselbach Equation: A practical application Let's begin our discussion of the Henderson-Hasselbach Equation with a continuation of the dissociation constant derivation. should be a familiar relationship . If we rearrange our equation to provide the [H3O+] on the left side, we get [H3O+] =Ka (HA)/(A-) (Notice that the ionized species of the acid is now in the denominator.)

  13. Taking the negative log of both sides gives us easier numeric values to work with: which can be rewritten

  14. more familiarly Henderson-Hasselbach Equation

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