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The Death of Patroclus. H. Hector prepares for his last day 1. He knows he’s going to die 2. Goes up to the walls of Troy, where the Trojans watch the war, to see his wife and baby son, Astyanax 3. Baby is afraid of his armor and cries; Hector removes his helmet and says
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The Death of Patroclus H. Hector prepares for his last day 1. He knows he’s going to die 2. Goes up to the walls of Troy, where the Trojans watch the war, to see his wife and baby son, Astyanax 3. Baby is afraid of his armor and cries; Hector removes his helmet and says farewell 4. Tenderest moment in the Iliad I. Greeks lose ground 1. Hector drives the Greeks back 2. Greeks need Achilles a. Agamemnone offers to return Briseis b. Achilles remains proud and stubborn; nothing will induce him to return 3. Hera borrows Aphrodite’s girdle and “distracts” Zeus, giving Greeks a chance 4. Zeus figures it out and comes back for Troy 5. Achilles’s best friend Patroclus takes Achilles’s armor, goes into battle a. Trojans think he’s Achilles and are intimidated b. Hector kills Patroclus c. Achilles flips out
Hector’s Last Stand J. Achilles v. Hector 1. Achilles gets new armor from Thetis—magical, that can’t be pierced 2. Hector wears the armor he took from Patroclus’s body 3. Hector waits for Achilles, sees him coming, radiant and godlike, and starts running 4. Hector can’t quite outrun Achilles, but Achilles can’t catch him, either 5. Fate isn’t with Hector a. Apollo has been helping Hector, something Zeus has approved b. Athena warns Zeus to back off, as fate is against Hector c. Apollo must leave Hector’s side 6. Hector finally stops to fight, fooled by Athena, who takes the form of a brother and promises to help him fight Achilles 7. Hector suddenly finds himself alone, facing Achilles, who is helped by Athena 8. Achilles aims his spear at an opening in the throat of Hector’s armor, kills him
The Desecration of Hector K. Achilles breaks the rules—big ones 1.Hector, dying, asks that his body be returned to his parents; Achilles refuses 2. Achilles ties Hector’s body (by the ankles) to his chariot & drags it around Troy 3.Most gods are massively displeased: you never, EVER violate the dead 4. Priam goes to Achilles with treasure to beg for his son’s body 5. Achilles is touched, has the body bathed & covered, and returns it 6. Nine days truce for funeral rites
IV. The Fall of Troy A. Achilles’s last battle 1. kills Memnon of Ethiopia (he was helping Troy with an army) 2. drives Trojans back to the city walls 3. Paris shoots Achilles in that vulnerable heel—kills him (his bones are laid with those of Patroclus) B. The death of Ajax 1. Two heroes are nominated to receive the arms of Achilles: Ajax and Odysseus 2. In a secret vote, Odysseus wins—it’s a huge honor 3. Ajax feels disgraced, plans to kill Agamemnon & Menelaus—he blames them for turning the vote against him (he’s right) 4. Ajax pursues them by night; Athena strikes him mad—he thinks a flock of sheep are the Greeks; thinks a ram is Odysseus & beats it up 5. On regaining his senses, he’s humiliated and kills himself
Back to Pick Up Stinky Phil C. The arms of Hercules 1. Greeks are discouraged and grab a prophet, Helenus a. Greeks can’t win unless they kill Paris b. Only the bow and arrows of Hercules can kill Paris 2. Philoctetes has them (and he’s NOT a satyr who coached Hercules) a. Philoctetes was with the Greeks on the way to Troy b. On an island, he was bitten by a serpent and the wound would not heal c. The Greeks left him there 3. Odysseus goes for the weapons a. First, he steals them b. Guilt: he gets Philoctetes, takes him to Troy and a Greek doctor 4. Healed, Philoctetes joins the battle, kills Paris with Hercules’s arrows • Greeks have to steal the Palladium (sacred image of Athena) in order to win—Odysseus is their man
How to Trick a Trojan E. The Trojan Horse 1. Greeks have to get into Troy to win 2. Odysseus thinks up the Trojan horse a. hollow, big enough to hold a number of men b. chieftains are afraid, except Neoptolemus, son of Achilles, but they agree 3. Remaining Greeks pretend to sail away, but hide behind an island a. one man, Sinon, left on the beach b. primed with a story to get the horse in the city 4. Trojans are thrilled at Greek departure, rush to the beach and see Sinon a. He cries, renounces his Greekhood b. He says Athena was angry over the Palladium & demanded a sacrifice c. Sinon was the sacrifice, but he escaped and hid d. The horse is an offering to Athena, & it’s big so the Trojans can’t take it in e. The Trojans fall for it 5. Warning! Warning! a. Cassandra says not to take it in—no one believes her b. Laocoon, a priest, says burn it—Poseidon sends 2 serpents to crush Laocoon and his sons F. Sigh . . . 1. The Trojans take the horse into the city 2. At night, soldiers sneak out and let the whole Greek army into the city 3. Troy is burning before the Trojans are even dressed 4. Trojans fight hard: they tear up roofs & throw beams on Greeks; put on dead Greeks’ armor to trap more Greeks 5. The Greeks win
V. Where Are They Now? A. Priam: was spared by Achilles, but Neoptolemus kills him B. Hecuba: taken into slavery C. Polyxena (Trojan princess): killed on Achilles’s grave D. Aeneas 1. fights Greeks as long as possible 2. escapes Troy (with mom Aphrodite’s help), saving his father & son, but not his wife 3. his adventures form the Roman epic, Virgil’s Aeneid, which gave Rome a cool history E. Helen 1. Aphrodite helps her out of the city 2. She goes back to Menelaus, and they live happily ever after F. Andromache 1. a captive, to be a slave to a Greek warrior 2. hopes to keep her baby, but that’s not how it’s done 3. messenger arrives, advises her to be brave and not to blame him 4. baby is taken and thrown from the walls of the city, like all the other babies G. Cassandra 1. Agamemnon’s captive, she returns to Mycenae with him 2. She warns Agamemnon of impending doom, but is, of course, ignored 3. Clytemnestra is waiting (with a lover, Aegisthus) and murders Agamemnon and his little hussy, too!
