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The Atom

The Atom. All matter is made up of atoms! (press F5 to begin). Protons: positively charged particles located in the nucleus or core of the atom. Each proton has a mass of 1 Neutrons: neutral particles also located in the nucleus. They also have a mass of 1

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The Atom

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  1. The Atom All matter is made up of atoms! (press F5 to begin)

  2. Protons: positively charged particles located in the nucleus or core of the atom. Each proton has a mass of 1 Neutrons: neutral particles also located in the nucleus. They also have a mass of 1 Electrons: negatively charged particles. They have almost no mass at all, 1/2000 of the mass of a proton or neutron. The move rapidly in the space around the nucleus. Types of Subatomic Particles http://www.eskom.co.za/nuclear_energy/fuel/fuel.html

  3. Numbering Atoms • The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom determines the identity of an atom. This is also called the atomic number • Each atom has the same number of electrons and protons, so if you know the atomic number you then know the number of protons and electrons • E.g. Oxygen has the atomic number of 8, therefore there are 8 protons and 8 electrons

  4. Numbering Atoms Mass Number: represents the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom. If you know the atomic number (number of protons) and the atomic mass (number of protons plus neutrons) then you can calculate the number of neutrons Mass number-atomic number = number of neutrons Standard Atomic Notation: internationally recognized system

  5. Standard Atomic Notation

  6. Worksheet Complete the following part of 5b The Atom Word Document: A. INSIDE THE ATOM

  7. The Bohr Model of the atom Niels Bohr helped develop the model of the atom that we use today. He believed that: • Electrons move in definite orbits around the nucleus, much like planets orbit the sun • These orbits are located at certain distances from the nucleus • Electrons can not exist between these orbits, but they can move up and down from one orbit to another • The maximum number of electrons in the first three orbits is 2,8, and 8 • Electrons are more stable when they are closer to the nucleus

  8. Elemental Builder • Go to the following website: www.explorelearning.com Log in with the user name and password your teacher provides for you Launch Elemental Builder Gizmo in the Science class Complete Student Exploration and Quiz

  9. WORKSHEET Complete the following part of 5b The Atom Word Document: B. SHELLS AND ELECTRONS

  10. A circle is drawn in the centre to represent the nucleus of the atom The number of protons and neutrons are written in this circle Electrons are shown in circular orbits around the nucleus The Bohr-Rutherford Diagram http://www.clickandlearn.org/Gr9_Sci/atoms/modelsoftheatom.html

  11. Filling in a Bhor-Rutherford Diagram • The electrons arrange themselves around the atom from the inner most orbital out. (click to see how this in action) P = 11 N = 12 K L M

  12. Worksheet Complete the following part of 5b The Atom Word Document: C. BHOR-RUTHERFORD DIAGRAMS

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