CODATA 2006 Session B9 Clean Energy Recovery from Coal

1. CODATA 2006Session B9 Clean Energy Recovery from Coal Objectives: • Negative public feeling against Coal due to large CO2 and other pollutants emission compared to other fossil fuels. • However, new technology is developed, to use coal clean and to recover clean energy from coal seam. • Demonstrate the recent trend and relevant data in this field.

2. CODATA 2006Session B9 Clean Energy Recovery from Coal How to use coal clean • Gaseous fuel: Gasification (surface, underground) Coalbed methane production • Liquid fuel: Liquefaction 4 Presentations: • Coalbed methane (CBM) • Underground coal gasification (UCG) • Enhanced coalbed methane recovery • LCA of total coal energy system

3. Coalbed Methane as a Clean Energy Resources- Asian Prospects - 20th CODATA Conference October 23, 2006 Beijing Sohei SHIMADA Dept. of Environment Systems, The University of Tokyo

4. Outline of Presentation • What is CBM? • CBM and CMM • World CBM Resources • Recent Production Technology • Recent Utilization Technology • Asian Prospects China / India /Indonesia • Conclusion

5. CBM：Coalbed Methane • Methane generated during the coalfication process and stored in coal seam. • Originally the term “CBM” was used in Gas Industry as one kind of Natural Gas. • There is another concept in Mining Industry for draining coal mine gases to hold the mine safety. • CBM is a rather new energy resources (1980s). • GHG with 21 times GWP more than CO2.

6. US CBM Production and Reserves

7. Classification of Coalbed Methane (proposed by UN ECE) CAG: Coal Associated Gas CBM: Coalbed Methane includes pre-mining drainage via virgin CBM wells > 1 year before mining CMG: Coal Mine Gas CMM: Coal Mine Methane including pre-mining drainage via virgin CBM wells < 1 year before mined through, in-mine drainage and gob (goaf) wells AMM: Abandoned Mine Methane VAM: Ventilation Air Methane

8. World CBM Resources Source: IEA CR/76 (1995)

9. CBM Production (Arkoma Basin)

10. Gas Drainage System in Taiheiyo Coal Mine

11. Gas Recovery System used in Tiefa Coal Mine

12. Recent CBM Production Technology • Horizontal wells • Enhanced coalbed methane recovery

13. CDX Gas: Z-Pinnate Drilling and Completion Technology (Pinnate Technology) In order to make the drilling of horizontal wells stable, pressure in the wells are controlled by injecting air. (Dual Well System with Air Injection)

14. Sectional View of Pinnacle System

16. Enhanced Coalbed Methane Recovery • Production enhancement by CO2 and/or N2 injection. • Effective for the low permeability coal. • CO2 injection: production enhancement by CH4/CO2 displacement (competitive adsorption) • N2 injection: production enhancement by decreasing CH4 concentration in pore (stripping effect). • Need of gas (CH4/CO2/N2) separation before injection or after production. • Separation cost is expensive.

17. World Geological CO2 Storage Sites ECBMR

18. ECBMR Project Site (San Juan Basin)

19. Recent CBM Utilization Technology and R&D • Replacement of natural gas Town gas, Industrial boilers • Power generation Gas turbine,Gas engine, Co-combustion, Fuel cell • Oxidation/heat production Vocsidizer (MEGTEC system) • Chemical feed stock Hydrogen production

22. Power Generation using CMM at Shizhuang

23. Fuel Cell Power Plant using CMM

24. Asian Prospects for CBM • China • Indo • Indonesia

25. Coal Reserves and Production Source: EPA (M2M)

27. CBM Resources in China • Resources: 36.81 trillion m3 (depth up to 2,000m) • Recoverable resources: 10.87 trillion m3 • Proved reserves (by government):102 billion m3 • Recoverable reserves: 47 billion m3

28. CBM Production in China • 8 CBM pilot production projects • 615 CBM wells (including 7 multi-lateral wells) (as of end of 2005) • CBM production in 2005: 100 million m3

29. Prospects of CBM Production • 10 billion m3 production in 2010 (5 billion m3 from surface wells, 5 billion m3 from gas drainage wells) • Increase CBM proved reserves up to 300 billion m3 • CBM production in 2005: 100 million m3 • Investment by CBM industry: RMB 30 billion

30. Prospects of CBM Production • CMM: increase utilization rate from 30% to 50% • Combination of underground gas drainage with surface gas production • Build 9 new pipelines with a total length of 1,390 km (RMB 29.5 billion)

31. Prospects of CBM Production

32. China’s CMM Emission (million m3) Source: US EPA(M2M)

33. Example of CMM Projects

34. India’s CBM Field and Resources

35. Indonesia’s Coal Fields

36. CBM Resources of Indonesia = 12.2 Tm3 Advanced Resources International, Inc (ARI) “Indonesia Coalbed Methane, Task 1 – Resource Assessment”, March 17, 2003

37. Conclusion • CBM: Promising new Natural Gas Resources • CMM: Possible local energy source and large potential to decrease GHG emission • CMM: New source of environment business (CDM etc.) • Technology development in production and utilization can make the potential larger. • Need to establish the reliable CBM reservesevaluation method.

38. Conclusion (Asian Prospects) • China: Firm governmental target on CBM production and utilization • China: Already active in CMM recovery and use with international funding • India: Exploring stage of CBM Field. Almost no utilization of CMM • Indonesia: Great interests in CBM and trying to develop.

39. Thank you for your attention.

41. Power Generation using AMM in Akabira Coal Mine

42. China’s Coal Field

43. India’s Coal Field

44. CBM Potential in Indonesia