Hiroshima and Nagasaki

1. Hiroshima and Nagasaki By: Leah, and Zen

2. Date Started • Hiroshima and Nagasaki were bombed in 1945 on August 6, and August 9, respectively.

3. Maps Location of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

4. Map showing the devastation of the damage wrought upon by the atomic bomb in Hiroshima

5. Objective of the Attacking Force • Prior to the bombing of the two cities, despite having been bombed incessantly and defeated in many battles by the US, Japan refused to sign the Potsdam declaration • This treaty would bring about the unconditional surrender of the Japanese • As a result, President Truman authorized the use of the atomic bombs on Japan • Did so in hopes of making Japan surrender after witnessing the destruction the A-bombs will have caused

6. Weapon Used • The weapon used in this battle was the atomic bomb • Unlike conventional bombs, the nuclear bomb did not rely on non-nuclear chemical reactions but rather on atomic fission to detonate • Atomic fission is the process in which an unstable isotope of a large atoms splits as a result of a neutron hitting it into smaller atoms and neutrons • These neutrons will then hit other atoms, triggering a chain reaction which will eventually result in the immense amount of heat released

8. Little Boy Fat Man

9. The Victor • The victor was the United States • Both Hiroshima and Nagasaki were left utterly destroyed • Prior to the bombings, the US managed to win the nuclear arms race due to several important factors • During the rise of Nazi Germany, many scientists fled to America to avoid potential prosecution • So, Germany suffered from a “brain drain” of brilliant physicists

10. Throughout the entire war, America was not heavily involved until the latter years • In addition, America was surrounded on both sides by the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans • US had also come out of the Great Depression, economically strong • So, the Americans had a large amount of funding relative to the other countries, which were either too involved in the war of short of funds to devise atomic weaponry • Also, in the air raids of Germany, British and American bombers destroyed factories that produced what seemed to be parts of atomic bombs.

11. The Consequences • Hiroshima • “Little Boy”, a 9000 pound atomic bomb, was dropped on the City of Hiroshima after • Japan refused to signed the Potsdam Declaration • This atomic bomb has the equivalence of about 12.5 kilotons-12 500 tons of TNT • As Japan refused to surrender unconditionally to the Potsdam declaration, the United • States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima • The Potsdam Declaration reiterates the allies’ demand that Japan surrenders

12. unconditionally, Japan did not respond • This bomb destroyed the city killing about 140 000 Japanese by the end of 1945 • The intense heat of the bomb transformed many things such as animals, trees, people, • and buildings- into gases • This bomb had vaporized them do to extreme heat • The victor in the raid was the United states • This was the very first bomb to ever be used in war history

13. Hiroshima after the Atomic Bomb

14. Nagasaki • Occurred on August 9, 1945 • “Fat Man”, a 10 000 pound atomic bomb, was dropped on the city of Nagasaki as Japan • had still refused to surrender • This bomb was the second to be used in war • Japan had still refused to sign the Potsdam declaration and so another atomic bomb was • dropped by the United States on Japans second largest military base

15. Overall Consequences • The bombed had destroyed anyone and anything within a radius of a hundred or so yards-- no one survived • 9 out of every 10 people who were outside during the explosion died • Everything went black and silent as the huge mushroom cloud rose skyward blocking the • sunlight • Casualties rose to about 140 000 and the amount injured included 130 000, 43 000 were

16. considered severe • Even people who survived the bomb were unfortunately still going to die • All this damage was caused by a 9000 pound uranium atomic bomb that was dropped at • approximately 8:16:02 in the morning (little boy) • 98% of all houses in Hiroshima were destroyed • There were shortages of food and medicine, for the victims of the bomb • After the bombings, Japan agreed to sign the Potsdam declaration

17. The Potsdam declaration forced Japan to make military-related concessions • These included: • Complete surrender of all Japanese forces and arms, at home, on land, and in occupied countries • Occupation of Allied forces in Japan under American direction • Japanese relinquishment of all territory seized during the war, as well as, Manchuria, Korea and Taiwan (these three were seized before WWII)

18. Japan’s Surrender

19. United States • Although they claimed victory over Japan, there were mishaps • It was reported that radiation sickness has been trickling back to the United States • The destruction they cause back fired on to them • The US had wanted Japan to surrender to them and therefore used force to do so