1 / 21

Organic Nomenclature

Organic Nomenclature. ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS. Drawing structures : complete structural diagram condensed structural diagram line structure. Alkanes A type of aliphatic hydrocarbons with saturated (_____________) straight chain of __________ atoms. General Formula.

edison
Télécharger la présentation

Organic Nomenclature

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Organic Nomenclature ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS

  2. Drawing structures: • complete structural diagram • condensed structural diagram • line structure

  3. Alkanes • A type of aliphatic hydrocarbons with saturated (_____________) straight chain of __________ atoms General Formula

  4. To name an alkane: Prefixes: 1- meth 2- eth 3- prop 4- buta 5- penta 6- hexa 7- hepta 8- octa 9- nona 10 – deca • count the # of C atoms on a straight chain • select the appropriate prefix • add suffix –ane • Example: Heptane

  5. Examples

  6. Branched Alkanes Isomers – molecules with the same _________ ____________, but different __________ ____________. Alkyl group – a branch of atoms that are not part of the longest carbon chain. The names of these end in “__yl”

  7. Naming Step-by-Step • Find the longest chain • # the C’s (starting at either end) so that the branch/highest priority piece has the smallest # possible • Label the branches with the alkyl name and C # • With more than one alkyl group place them in alpha-order in the name. Always go for the lowest # combo when #ing multiple groups

  8. Examples

  9. Examples – Draw it! 3-ethyl-4-methylhexane 2,4,6-trimethyloctane

  10. Alkenes & Alkynes • Alkenes = ________ bond, name ends in “- ” • Alkynes = ________ bond, name ends in “- ” • Same naming pattern as the alkyl groups: • Find the longest carbon chain • # C’s starting from the end with the closest to the double/triple bond – these bonds take priority over alkyl groups!! • # - prefix__ne • # shows where special bond is.

  11. Examples

  12. Examples – Draw it! propene 1,3-pentadiene Or 1,3-pentdiene

  13. Cyclics • Carbon chains that form a complete loop. • Generally this happens with __, ___or more carbons – why are >4 C’s not as stable?... • Naming • Cycloprefix __ne

  14. Examples cyclohexane 1,3-cyclohexadiene 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane

  15. Special cases! Unsaturated vs Saturated saturated = all the carbons have the max # of H atoms ie _____________ unsaturated: alkenes/ynes

  16. Unsaturated Isomers: • Alkenes are rigid around the dblbond. • This leads to a form of isomerism • Structural isomers – same formula, different structure • Stereoisomer – a type of structural isomer that involves a rotation around a double bond • = ___ or ____ distinction Model kits!!

  17. CisvsTrans trans-2-pentene 2-methyl-1-butene cis-2-pentene Why is this not needed for “ynes”?

  18. Practice – try these

  19. Special cases!don’t need to know these – but GTK Alkyl groups with more than 2 C’s - can be added in more than one way n-propyl iso-propyl

  20. Special cases! – 4C’sdon’t need to know these s-butyl or sec-butyl n-butyl iso-butyl t-butyl or tert-butyl

  21. GET READY FOR… Assignment #1

More Related