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Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization (1890-1910)

Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization (1890-1910). I. Europeans Flood into US. A. Jobs 1. No class system B. Avoid military service C. Few immigration restrictions D. Religious Persecution 1. Jews E. Atlantic Voyage 1. Basic/cheap. F. Ethnic Cities 1. neighborhoods. BACK.

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Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization (1890-1910)

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  1. Chapter 7:Immigration and Urbanization(1890-1910)

  2. I. Europeans Flood into US • A. Jobs • 1. No class system B. Avoid military service C. Few immigration restrictions • D. Religious Persecution • 1. Jews • E. Atlantic Voyage • 1. Basic/cheap

  3. F. Ethnic Cities • 1. neighborhoods

  4. BACK • G. Ellis Island (NYC) • 1. medical inspections • 2. 17 million total went through • 3. Relatively easy/quick – 5 hrs

  5. II. Asian Immigration to America • A. Rebellion; overcrowding • B. Jobs: RR/Gold • C. Japanese upheaval Angel Island, San Francisco

  6. D. Angel Island, San Fran • 1. Lot fewer immigrants • 2. Harsh questioning • 3. long wait for admittance

  7. III. Old vs. New Immigrants

  8. IV. Resurgence of Nativism • A. Favoritism toward native-born Americans • B. “Right” immigrants OK • 1. Brit, German, N. Europe • B. Extreme Dislike • 1. anti-Jew/Catholic • A. Would take over gov’t • 2. Russian/Asian/Latin • A. Union opposed • B. Steal jobs

  9. B. Impact • 1. Immigration laws • a. ban convicts, poor & mentally disabled • 2. Chinese Exclusion Act: • B. Repealed In 1943 • 3. Gentleman’s Agreement with Japan

  10. SECTION 1 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS • What were 3 push factors for immigration? • What were 3 pull factors for immigration? • How were the experiences of European immigrants were better than those of Asians? Don’t just talk about Ellis and Angel island. Describe in 1 paragraph. • EXPLAIN the reasons for nativist feelings.

  11. Urbanization Growth of Cities

  12. I. Americans migrate to the cities • A. 30 million by 1900 • 1. 131 cities in 1840; 1,700 by 1900 • 2. Factory jobs • 3. Rural to cities • A. jobs • B. excitement 4. immigrants

  13. II. The New Urban Environment • A. Skyscrapers • 1. Reasons:

  14. Home Insurance Building, Chicago. 10 stories high. World’s first skyscraper (1885)

  15. B. Mass Transit • 1. off-road • a. Elevated • b. subway

  16. III. Separation of Society • A. High • 1. Fashionable Districts • B. Middle-class • 1. “Streetcar suburbs” • 2. Salary 2X average factory worker • C. The Working Class • 1. tenements • 2. Working children

  17. Close activity 1. Explain three reasons why people started to move to the cities in the late 1800s. 2. Why did people start building skyscrapers? 3. For what reason did mass transit system have to exist?

  18. IV. Urban Problems • A. Threats • 1. Alcohol • 2. Disease • 3. Crime/violence • 4. Fire • 5. Pollution

  19. V. Urban Reformers • Social Gospel Movement • Settlement Houses • Help immigrants especially • Workers: middle class, college-ed women • Hull House • Jane Addams • Chicago

  20. Section 3: Urban Politics

  21. I. Political Machine and Party Boss • A. Purpose • 1. Gain/keep power • 2. Pyramid of Power • 3. Help out the poor B. Party Boss 1. Usually not “politician” 2. More behind-the-scenes 3. More powerful than any politician

  22. C. Urban immigration • 1. took care of needs • 2. votes in exchange • D. Graft & Fraud • 1. graft: Using political influence for personal gain • A. example: kickbacks • 2. Fraud: fixing elections  fake names, dead pple

  23. II. Tammany Hall • Most famous political machine 1. 1869-1871 2. NYC Democrats 3. Led by “Boss” Tweed

  24. III. Reforming National Politics • Civil Service: jobs in gov’t administration • Patronage (spoils system): reward supporters with civil service jobs 1. Stalwarts: supporters of patronage system

  25. C. President Garfield 1. reformer 2. Chester Arthur, VP & stalwart 3. Garfield assassinated 4. Arthur turns reformer

  26. IV. Pendleton Civil Service Act A. Merit-based hiring 1. exam score B. Pros: more honest gov’t, less favoritism C. Cons: Where will campaign $$ come from?

  27. V. Gov’t and Big Biz marriage • Tariffs: taxes on imported goods • Biz wants higher tariffs. WHY? • Drawback? • Raised and lowered throughout 1890s • Showed which party more closely tied with biz (republicans)

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