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chemistry-notes-some-basic-concepts-of-chemistry (1)

Chemistry is the science of molecules and their transformations which deals with the study<br>of matter, its composition, the changes that matter undergoes and the relation between<br>changes in composition and changes in energy. Chemistry plays an important role in<br>meeting human needs for food, health care products.

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chemistry-notes-some-basic-concepts-of-chemistry (1)

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  1. SOMEBASIC CONCEPTSOFCHEMISTRY

  2. Introduction: Chemistryisthescienceofmoleculesandtheirtransformationswhichdealswiththestudy ofmatter,itscomposition,thechangesthatmatterundergoesandtherelationbetween changesincompositionandchangesinenergy.Chemistryplaysanimportantrolein meetinghumanneedsforfood,healthcareproducts. BranchesofChemistry: OrganicChemistry-Thisbranchdealswithstudyofcarboncompoundsespecially hydrocarbonsandtheirderivatives. InorganicChemistry-Thisbranchdealswiththestudyofcompoundsofallother elementsexceptcarbon.Itlargelyconcernsitselfwiththestudyofmineralsfoundin theEarth'scrust. PhysicalChemistry-Theexplanationoffundamentalprinciplesgoverningvarious chemicalphenomenaisthemainconcernofthisbranch.Itisbasicallyconcerned withlawsandtheoriesofthedifferentbranchesofchemistry. IndustrialChms underthisb Chemistry-Thechemistryinvolvedinindustrialpro branch.AnalyticalChemistry-Thisbranchdealswithth veanalysisofvarioussubstances. quantitatieanalysisofvriou ub ry vole i rl cessesisstudied htequalitativeand y y nes BiochemisryThisbrahdel try-Thisbranchdealswiththechemicalchangesgoing rganisms;plantsandanimals. oflivingoganisms;pnts oninthebodies ithtehemi lhangesgoin Nuclear Chemistry-Nuclearreactions,suchasnuclearfission, ionprocessesetc.arestudiedunderthisbranch. transmutatiopr h s uc r h le issi nuclearfusion, tudie nd thbrach ImportanceofChmi Chemistry : Chemistryplays acentralroleinscienceandisoftenintertwinedwith t ienceandisoftenintertwinedwithotherbranchesof science.Principlesofchemistryareapplicableindiverseareas,suchasweatherpatterns, functioningofbrainandoperationofacomputer,productioninchemicalindustries, manufacturingfertilisers,alkalis,acids,salts,dyes,polymers,drugs,soaps,detergents, metals,alloys,etc.,includingnewmaterial. Chemistrycontributesinabigwaytothenationaleconomy.Italsoplaysanimportantrole inmeetinghumanneedsforfood,healthcareproductsandothermaterialaimedat improvingthequalityoflife. Matter Matterisanythingthatoccupiesspace,hasmass,offerresistanceandcanbeperceivedof directlybyoursenses.Forexample,book,pen,pencil,water,air,alllivingbeings,etc. 3

  3. Element urestformofmatter.Itismadeupofonlyonetypeofat genetc. iron,copper,oxy enetc Elementisthep estformfmt Iimd pofon onetypeofaoms,ex.-carbon, Compound Compoundisthe substancewhichismadeupoftwoormoreelementsco theirweighte.g.,carbondioxide. inafixedratiobythr ighe ubst c hichi depoftoomrelements boni mbinedtogether Mixture Mixtureisthesubstancewhichismadeupoftwoormoresubstancesinanyratio.e.g., Sugar+Water,SodiumChloride+Water,Sand+Water Onthebasisofcomposition,mixturesareoffollowingtype: Homogeneousmixture:Themixturewhichhasuniformcompositionthroughout e.g.,sugarsolution. Heterogeneousmixture:Themixtureswhichdonothaveuniformcomposition throughout.e.g.sandinwater. Atom Atomisthesmallestparticlewhichmayormaynotexistfreebuttakespartinchemical reaction.Atomwordmeansnottobecut.Ex-H,Na,Oetc. InternationalSystemofUnits(S.I.) 4

  4. Theinternationalsystemofunits(inFrenchLeSystemeInternationald'Unités-Theinternationalsystemofunits(inFrenchLeSystemeInternationald'Unités- abbreviatedasSI)wasestablishedin1960bythe11thgeneralconferenceonweightsand measures.SIsystemisamodificationofmetricsystemandhassevenbaseunitspertaining tothesevenfundamentalscientificquantities. PrefixesinSIsystem DefinitionofSIBaseUnits Metre:Themetreisthelengthofthepathtravelledbylightinvacuumduringatime intervalof1/(299792458)ofasecond. Kilogram:Thekilogramistheunitofmass;itisequaltothemassoftheinternational prototypeofthekilogram. Second:Thesecondisthedurationof9192631770periodsoftheradiation

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