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József Karger-Kocsis Budapest University of Technology and Economics

Smart Interphase in Polymer Composites: Recent Advancements. József Karger-Kocsis Budapest University of Technology and Economics Department of Polymer Engineering E-Mail: karger@pt.bme.hu. Outline. Introduction (what is meant under „smart”?) Sizing developments

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József Karger-Kocsis Budapest University of Technology and Economics

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  1. Smart Interphase in Polymer Composites: Recent Advancements József Karger-Kocsis Budapest University of Technology and Economics Department of Polymer Engineering E-Mail: karger@pt.bme.hu

  2. Outline • Introduction (what is meant under „smart”?) • Sizing developments • Interphase engineering - Fiber side - Matrix side • (Multi)functional interphase • Outlook

  3. Silane Coupling Agents - Grafting Shin-Etsu Silicone – Silane Coupling Agents

  4. Interphase Formation in Glass Fiber/Matrix Composites Effects of coupling agent (silane) and film former F. R. Jones: Wiley Encyclopedia of Composites, Wiley, N.Y., 2012

  5. Interphase Formation between Sizing and Curing Resin M. Tanoglu et al.: J. Mater. Sci., 36 (2001), 3041-3053

  6. Thiol-Ene Chemistry for Both Matrix and Interphase S. M. Trey et al.: Composites Part A 42 (2011), 1800-1808

  7. Outline • Introduction (what is meant under „smart”?) • Sizing developments • Interphase engineering - Fiber side („nanocoating”…) - Matrix side • (Multi)functional interphase • Outlook

  8. Interphase Tailoring via Sizing/Coating - Techniques G. Lubineau and A. Rahaman: Carbon 50 (2012), 2377-2395

  9. Sizing with CNT via Eletrophoretic Deposition (EPD) J. Zhang et al.: Carbon 48 (2010), 2273-2281

  10. Critical Fiber Length – Effects of CNT Sizing Methods (EPD, DIP) – Single Fiber Fragmentation J. Zhang et al.: Carbon 48 (2010), 2273-2281

  11. Crack Bridging via z-Aligned CNTS E. J. Garcia et al.: Composites Part A 39 (2008), 1065-1070

  12. Grafting or Coating GF with Graphene Oxide J. Chen et al.: Compos. Sci. Technol., 97 (2014), 41-45

  13. Mode I Fracture Toughness of SiC Fabric-Reinforced EP with and without CVD-Deposited CNT V. P. Veedu et al.: nature materials 5 (2006), 457-462

  14. Property Comparison of SiC Fabric-Reinforced EP with and without CVD-Deposited CNT (3D) V. P. Veedu et al.: nature materials 5 (2006), 457-462

  15. Hierarchical Fiber – Aramid/ZnO Forest As-received AF Functionalized AF G. J. Ehlert and H. A. Sodano: ACS Appl. Mater. Interf., 1 (2009), 1827-1833

  16. Hierarchical Fiber – Aramid/ZnO Forest Functionalization of AF G. J. Ehlert and H. A. Sodano: ACS Appl. Mater. Interf., 1 (2009), 1827-1833

  17. Stress Distribution Owing to CNT Forest Deposition Loading direction: x V. S. Romanov et al.: Composites Part A 63 (2014), 32-34

  18. Outline • Introduction (what is meant under „smart”?) • Sizing developments • Interphase engineering - Fiber side - Matrix side (semi) interpenetrating networks - „sizing”, healing, shape memory-assisted selfhealing • (Multi)functional interphase • Outlook

  19. EP-network VE-network Scheme of Interpenetrating Network (IPN) Structure Without graftingWith grafting

  20. 150°C 200°C Effect of Post-Curing on the Grafted IPN- Structure of a VE/EP Hybrid (1/1) - (AFM height images) J. Karger-Kocsis et al.: J.Mater. Sci. 38 (2003), 413

  21. „Strongly“ Bonded Regions Fast Matrix Crack „Weakly“ Bonded Regions Cook/Gordon Debonding (Mode I) Outwater/Murphy Debonding (Mode II) Intermitted Bonding to Produce Composites of High Strength / High Toughness A.G. Atkins: J.Mater. Sci. 10 (1975), 819-832

  22. Intermittent Interfacial Bonding via Matrix Self-Assembly Phase 1 Phase 2 J. Karger-Kocsis in “Micro- and Nanostructured Polymer Blend Systems” (Eds.: C. Harrats, S.Thomas and G.Groeninckx), CRC, Boca Raton (FL, USA), 2006, p. 275

  23. Shape Memory Assisted Self Healing (SMASH) - 2011 E.D. Rodriguez et al., Appl. Mater Interf. 3 (2011), 152-161

  24. Combination of Shape Memory and Self Healing - 2008

  25. Outline • Introduction (what is meant under „smart”?) • Sizing developments • Interphase engineering - Fiber side - Matrix side • (Multi)functional interphase Piezoresistivity - sensing, (health) monitoring; (self)- healing, damping… • Outlook

  26. Structural Health Monitoring – Sensing by CNT – Bulk Modification L. Gao et al.: Adv. Funct. Mater., 19 (2009), 123-130

  27. Damage Sensing via Semiconductive Interphase (Sizing with CNT) S. Gao et al.: Adv. Funct. Mater., 20 (2010), 1885-1893

  28. Stress and Electrical Resistance as a Function of Strain –Single CNT-Sized Fiber in EP J. Zhang et al.: Carbon 48 (2010), 2273-2281

  29. Healable, Mendable Interphase • Autonomous occurs automatically (capsule approach) • Intrinsic requires „treatment” (reversible chemical reactions)

  30. Self-Healing Polymeric Composite Strategies: • Both resin and hardener „encapsulated” • Resin „encapsulated”, catalyst dispersed in the matrix • Healing through chemical reactions (functional groups, „transreactions”…) • Healing through a thermoplastic phase • Healing through solvents catalyst Polymerized healing agent healing agent microcapsule crack

  31. Self-Healing in CF/EP via Capsules with Healing Agent Microbond Testing A. R. Jones et al.: ACS Appl. Mater. Interf.,6 (2014), 6033-6039

  32. Healing Efficiency in CF/EP via Capsules with Healing Agent - Microbond Testing A. R. Jones et al.: ACS Appl. Mater. Interf., 6 (2014), 6033-6039

  33. Remendable, Thermoreversible Fiber-Polymer Interphase A. M. Peterson at al.: Compos. Sci. Technol., 71 (2011), 586

  34. Healing in the Interphase via Diels-Alder Reaction A. M. Peterson et al.: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5 (2013), 815-821

  35. Resin and GF Functionalization for Diels-Alder Reaction A. M. Peterson at al.: ACS Appl. Mater. Interf. 2 (2010), 1141-1149 and Compos. Sci. Technol., 71 (2011), 586-592

  36. Maleimide Grafting onto CF to Trigger DA Self-Healing W. Zhang et al.: J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 430 (2014), 61-68

  37. Repeated Self-Healing through DA in Microbond Tests W. Zhang et al.: J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 430 (2014), 61-68

  38. Support of DA Self-Healing by Additional Solvent (DMF) and Healing Agent (Maleimide Compound) – RT Healing A. M. Peterson at al.: ACS Appl. Mater. Interf. 2 (2010), 1141-1149

  39. Self-Healing via DA – Microbond Test A. M. Peterson at al.: Compos. Sci. Technol., 71 (2011), 586-592

  40. Healing via DA over Multiple Cycles – Microbond Test Treatment: 1 h for 90 °C, followed by 12 h at 22 °C A. M. Peterson at al.: Compos. Sci. Technol., 71 (2011), 586-592

  41. Thank you for your attention

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