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Service Provision in Rural and Small Town Canada

Service Provision in Rural and Small Town Canada. Greg Halseth and Laura Ryser University of Northern B.C. INE Spring Workshop Spring 2004. Challenges for Service Provision in Rural and Small Town Places I. Large distances & low population density Higher costs Questions of quality:

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Service Provision in Rural and Small Town Canada

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  1. Service Provision in Rural and Small Town Canada Greg Halseth and Laura Ryser University of Northern B.C. INE Spring Workshop Spring 2004

  2. Challenges for Service Provision in Rural and Small Town Places I • Large distances & low population density • Higher costs • Questions of quality: • Residents may by-pass local providers • Urban-based service standards • Specialized services rarely justified in rural places

  3. Challenges for Service Provision in Rural and Small Town Places II • Challenges obtaining resources • Human & financial resources controlled by large urban centres • Changes in demographics add new pressures • Newcomers, urban commuters, elderly

  4. Methodology I • Site Profiles: 1998, 2000, 2003 • 2003 Site Profile: 22 sites • 6 sites in Atlantic Canada • 4 sites in Québec • 4 sites in Ontario • 8 sites in Western Canada • 11 non-adjacent sites • 11 metro-adjacent sites

  5. Methodology II Rural Observatory includes data for: • Education • Health • Protection services • Legal • Financial services • Communication • Elderly and childcare • Government • Community • Transportation • Recreational • Shopping • Economic dev. orgs • Housing

  6. Educational Services Table 1: Educational Services Service 1998 2000 2003 % Yes % Yes % Yes Adj N.AdjAdj N.AdjAdj N.Adj Pre-sch. / kindergarten * * * * 63.6 36.4 Elementary school 92.3 58.3 66.7 72.7 72.7 54.5 High school 30.8 33.3 72.7 45.5 18.2 36.4 N=10-13 **new category: data not collected for this service this year

  7. Health Services I Table 2: Availability of Health Services Service 1998 2000 2003 % Yes % Yes % Yes Adj N.AdjAdj N.AdjAdj N.Adj Hospital 15.4 36.4 11.1 27.3 9.1 27.3 Health centre / CLSC * * * * 27.3 27.3 Medical clinic * * * * 36.4 45.5 Pharmacy * * 44.4 54.5 36.4 45.5 Ambulance 53.870.0 11.1 45.5 18.2 54.5 Emergency services * * 55.6 63.6 9.1 27.3 N=9-13 **new category: data not collected for this service this year

  8. Health Services II Table 3: Availability of Health Professionals Service 1998 2000 2003 % Yes % Yes % Yes Adj N.AdjAdj N.AdjAdj N.Adj Doctors 46.2 45.5 44.4 54.5 27.3 45.5 Nurses 38.5 54.5 44.4 63.6 27.3 45.5 Dentists 38.5 27.3 33.3 36.4 27.3 27.3 Optometrists 7.7 18.2 0.0 9.1 9.1 27.3 Social workers 36.4 41.7 50.0 36.4 18.2 27.3 N= 9-13 **new category: data not collected for this service this year

  9. Protection Services Table 4: Availability of Protection Services ________________________________________________ Service 1998 2000 2003 % Yes % Yes % Yes Adj N.AdjAdj N.AdjAdj N.Adj ________________________________________________ Police 57.1 70.0 44.4 45.5 9.1 36.4 Fire dep’t 100.0 90.0 100.0 72.7 81.8 54.5 911 69.2 50.0 88.9 45.5 81.8 90.9 ________________________________________________ N=9-13

  10. Legal Services Table 5: Availability of Legal Services Service 1998 2000 2003 % Yes % Yes % Yes Adj N.AdjAdj N.AdjAdj N.Adj Lawyer 30.8 50.0 22.2 36.4 18.2 18.2 Notary 45.5 45.5 44.4 36.4 45.5 36.4 Court 9.1 20.0 12.5 18.2 9.1 27.3 N=9-13

  11. Financial Services Table 6: Availability of Financial Services ________________________________________________ Service 1998 2000 2003 % Yes % Yes % Yes Adj N.AdjAdj N.AdjAdj N.Adj ________________________________________________ Banks** 53.8 66.7 55.6 45.5 36.4 36.4 Credit Union * * 44.4 54.5 36.4 63.6 ATM 50.0 33.3 44.4 63.6 54.5 45.5 Insurance office 46.2 41.7 44.4 54.5 45.5 54.5 ________________________________________________ N=9-13 **In 1998, banks and credit unions included in one category.

  12. Child and Elderly Services Table 7: Availability of Child & Elderly Services Service 1998 2000 2003 % Yes % Yes % Yes Adj N.AdjAdj N.AdjAdj N.Adj Daycare 61.5 36.4 44.4 54.5 54.5 36.4 Senior nursing home * * * * 0.0 36.4 Sr. retirement home 38.5 45.5 55.6 36.4 36.4 27.3 N=9-13 **new category: data not collected for this service this year

  13. Government Services Table 8: Availability of Government Services Service 1998 2000 2003 % Yes % Yes % Yes Adj N.AdjAdj N.AdjAdj N.Adj Employment Ins. 15.4 25.0 0.0 18.2 0.0 9.1 Prov. Auto License 15.4 36.4 22.2 36.4 9.1 27.3 Social Assistance 23.1 41.7 11.1 36.4 18.2 27.3 Town hall 84.6 81.8 88.9 90.9 72.7 63.6 Post office * * 77.8 81.8 81.8 81.8 N=9-13 **new category: data not collected for this service this year

  14. Community Services Table 9: Availability of Community Services Service 1998 2000 2003 % Yes % Yes % Yes Adj N.AdjAdj N.AdjAdj N.Adj Food bank 15.4 18.2 22.2 18.2 45.5 18.2 Second hand stores 33.3 27.3 33.3 36.4 36.4 45.5 Half-way house 27.3 12.5 25.0 27.3 0.0 9.1 Personal aid services 38.536.433.336.418.245.5 N=9-13

  15. Transportation Table 10: Availability of Transportation Services Service 1998 2000 2003 % Yes % Yes % Yes Adj N.AdjAdj N.AdjAdj N.Adj Train – passenger 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.2 0.0 9.1 Train – freight 33.3 30.0 33.3 18.2 27.3 45.5 Airport 7.7 0.0 11.1 18.2 27.3 9.1 Taxi 14.3 22.2 22.2 27.3 27.3 27.3 Gas station * * * * 90.9 81.8 Automobile repair * * * * 63.6 63.6 N=9-13 **new category: data not collected for this service this year

  16. Recreation Services I Table 11: Availability of Outdoor Recreational Amenities Service 1998 2000 2003 % Yes % Yes % Yes Adj N.AdjAdj N.AdjAdj N.Adj Outdoor skating rink * * * * 36.4 27.3 Comm. playing field 84.6 81.8 100.0 81.8 90.9 72.7 Municipal parks 91.7 50.0 100.0 72.7 90.9 63.6 Tennis courts * * * * 36.4 27.3 Skiing trails * * * * 45.5 54.5 Hiking trails * * * * 72.7 54.5 Golf courses * * * * 36.4 27.3 Campgrounds * * * * 72.7 63.6 N=9-13 **new category: data not collected for this service this year

  17. Recreational Services II Table 12: Availability of Indoor Recreational Amenities Service 1998 2000 2003 % Yes % Yes % Yes Adj N.AdjAdj N.AdjAdj N.Adj Curling rink 62.5 62.5 44.4 45.5 36.4 27.3 Indoor swimming pool * * * * 9.1 18.2 Indoor skating rink * * * * 54.5 45.5 Community gym 54.5 50.0 44.4 54.5 63.6 36.4 N= 9-13 **new category: data not collected for this service this year

  18. Recreational Services III Table 13: Availability of Cultural Amenities Service 1998 2000 2003 % Yes % Yes % Yes Adj N.AdjAdj N.AdjAdj N.Adj Community centre 84.6 90.0 100.0 90.9 90.9 72.7 Theatre-live 27.3 25.0 22.2 27.3 9.1 18.2 Cinema-movie theatre 9.1 8.3 11.1 18.2 0.0 9.1 Museum * * 33.3 45.5 45.5 27.3 Library 83.3 66.7 88.9 81.8 81.8 72.7 N=9-13 **new category: data not collected for this service this year

  19. Challenges and Opportunities I • Few services available in a majority of sites • 24 / 116 services in more than 50% of sites • Limited service areas: health care, legal services, childcare and elderly services, and community services • Service provision is declining • 63.5% of services previously tracked declined • Larger declines: ambulance, emergency services, policing, fire departments, social workers, lawyers, banks, town halls, curling rinks

  20. Challenges and Opportunities II • Service declines in metro-adjacent sites: • Emergency, protection, & community services • Service declines in non-adjacent sites: • Recreational services • Over 90% of services accessible within 30 minutes • Some services are growing: • 911, ATMs, 2nd hand stores, airports, and taxis

  21. Next Steps • Links • To model • Tools for capacity • Facilitating capacity • 2005 Site Profile Inventory

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